<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
<TEI.2>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>The Typee Manuscript</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<p></p>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<p></p>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<handList>
<hand id="HM" scribe="Herman Melville"/>
<hand id="GM" scribe="Gansevoort Melville"/>
</handList>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<front>
<titlePage>
<docTitle>
<titlePart type="main">The Typee Manuscript</titlePart>
<titlePart type="sub">Chapters 12 - 14</titlePart>
</docTitle>
<docAuthor>Herman Melville</docAuthor>
</titlePage>
</front>
<body>
<pb n="1r"/>
<div id="leaf1r" type="leaf">
<head>Leaf 1, Recto</head>
<ab>
<!-- Line 1 -->
<lb n="1"/>transported to the stream which flowed perhaps two
<!-- Line 2 -->
<lb n="2"/>hundred yards from the house. <ref type="RNms" target="RNms1" n="ms1"><del type="overstrike">On arriving <sic corr="upon">up</sic></del> ¶
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">My</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">Our</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
<!-- Line 3 -->
<lb n="3"/>appearance upon the verandah in front of the habitation
<!-- Line 4 -->
<lb n="4"/>drew together quite a crowd <ref type="RNe" target="RNe1" n="e1">of the natives</ref>, who now
<!-- Line 5 -->
<lb n="5"/><ref type="RNms" target="RNms2" n="ms2">stood looking on
<!-- Not sure about the following app -->
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike"><add place="supralinear">all the while</add></del></rdg>
</app>
& conversing
<ref type="RNe" target="RNe2" n="e2">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">lustily</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">in the most animated manner</add></rdg>
</app>
<hi rend="underline">with one another</hi>,</ref></ref><ref type="MN" target="rmn1">1</ref>
<!-- Margin Note -->
<note id="rmn1" n="1" place="marginright"><p>Underlined in pencil.</p></note>
<!-- Line 6 -->
<lb n="6"/><ref type="RNe" target="RNe3" n="e3">like</ref> a group of
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms3" n="ms3">
<ref type="RNe" target="RNe3" n="e3">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">village</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">gossiping</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
village idlers gathered about the <del type="overstrike">door</del>
<!-- Line 7 -->
<lb n="7"/><add place="inline" hand="GM">·</add> <del type="overstrike">of</del> tavern<add place="supralinear" hand="GM">3</add> door<add place="supralinear" hand="GM">1</add> of a village<add place="supralinear" hand="GM">2</add></ref> when the equipage of some <add place="inline" hand="GM">·</add><ref type="MN" target="rmn2">2</ref>
<!-- Margin Note -->
<note id="rmn2" n="2" place="marginright"><p>Penciled dots appear on either side of this line; also in pencil are the number “1” over “door,” “3” over “tavern,” and “2” over “village” to indicate final revised order.</p></note>
<!-- Line 8 -->
<lb n="8"/>distinguished traveler is brought round <ref type="RNms" target="RNms4" n="ms4">previous to his <del type="overstrike">taking</del>
<!-- Line 9 -->
<lb n="9"/><del type="overstrike">his</del> departure.</ref> As soon as I clasped my arms about the
<!-- Line 10 -->
<lb n="10"/>neck of the devoted fellow, & he jogged off with me,
<!-- Line 11 -->
<lb n="11"/>the crowd composed cheifly of young girls & <ref type="RNe" target="RNe4" n="e4">striking</ref> boys
<!-- Line 12 -->
<lb n="12"/>followed after, shouting & capering <ref type="RNe" target="RNe5" n="e5">in</ref> infinite glee &
<!-- Line 13 -->
<lb n="13"/>accompanied us to the banks of the stream. ¶ On
<!-- Line 14 -->
<!-- Did I do justice to his + signs here?-->
<lb n="14"/>gaining it, Kori Kori <ref type="RNms" target="RNms5" n="ms5">wad
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">ed</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="inline">ing</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
up to
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms6" n="ms6">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">the</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="inline">his</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
hips in the
<!-- Line 15 -->
<lb n="15"/>water, carried me half across & deposited me on
<!-- Line 16 -->
<lb n="16"/>a smooth black <ref type="RNe" target="RNe6" n="e6">rock</ref> which
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms7" n="ms7">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">was elevated</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">rose</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
a few
<!-- Line 17 -->
<lb n="17"/>inches above the surface. The amphibius rabble at
<!-- Line 18 -->
<lb n="18"/>
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms8" n="ms8">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">my</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">our</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
heels plunged in after us & climbing to the
<!-- Line 19 -->
<lb n="19"/>summit of the
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms9" n="ms9">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">large stones</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">grass grown rocks</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
with which the bed
<!-- Line 20 -->
<lb n="20"/>of the brook was here & there broken, waited
<!-- Line 21 -->
<lb n="21"/>curiously to <del type="overstrike" hand="HM">see</del> <ref type="RNms" target="RNms10" n="ms10">witness</ref> <ref type="RNe" target="RNe7" n="e7">my</ref> morning ablutions.— ¶
<!-- Line 22 -->
<lb n="22"/>¶ Somewhat embarrassed by the presence of the female
<!-- Line 23 -->
<lb n="23"/>portion of the company I removed my
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms11" n="ms11">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">shirt</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="marginright">frock</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
<!-- Line 24 -->
<lb n="24"/>& <ref type="RNe" target="RNe8" n="e8">bending over washed my face in the stream</ref>.
<!-- Line 25 -->
<lb n="25"/>As soon as Kori Kori comprehended from my motions that
<!-- Line 26 -->
<lb n="26"/>this was to be the extent of my performance, he
<!-- Line 27 -->
<lb n="27"/>appeared perfectly aghast with astonishment &
<!-- Line 28 -->
<lb n="28"/>rushing towards me, poured out a torent of words in
<!-- Line 29 -->
<lb n="29"/>eager deprecation of so limited an operation enjoining me
<!-- Line 30 -->
<lb n="30"/>by unmistakable signs to immerse my whole body <ref type="RNe" target="RNe9" n="e9">in
<!-- Line 31 -->
<lb n="31"/>the water</ref>. To this I was forced to consent, <ref type="RNe" target="RNe10" n="e10">since</ref> the
<!-- Line 32 -->
<lb n="32"/>honest fellow regarding me as <del type="overstrike">an</del> <ref type="RNms" target="RNms12" n="ms12">a froward inexperienced</ref>
<!-- Line 33 -->
<lb n="33"/>child whom it was his duty to serve at the risk of
<!-- Line 34 -->
<lb n="34"/>offending, <del type="overstrike">now</del> <ref type="RNms" target="RNms13" n="ms13">lifted</ref> me from the rock & tenderly
<!-- Line 35 -->
<lb n="35"/>bathed my limbs <ref type="RNe" target="RNe11" n="e11">in the flood</ref>. This over, & resuming
<!-- Line 36 -->
<lb n="36"/>my seat I could not avoid bursting into admiration
<!-- Line 37 -->
<lb n="37"/><ref type="RNe" target="RNe12" n="e12">at</ref> the scene around me. ¶ <ref type="RNms" target="RNms14" n="ms14">From the <ref type="RNe" target="RNe13" n="e13">smooth</ref> <add place="supralinear_caret">verdant</add></ref>
</ab>
</div>
<pb n="1v"/>
<div id="leaf1v" type="leaf">
<head>Leaf 1, Verso</head>
<ab>
<!-- Line 1 -->
<lb n="1"/><ref type="RNms" target="RNms14" n="ms14">surfaces of the
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">rocks</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">large stones</add></rdg>
</app>
that lay
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">strewn around</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">scattered about</add></rdg>
</app>
, the
<!-- Line 2 -->
<lb n="2"/>natives
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">had now</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">were now</add></rdg>
</app>
<!-- + sign used here as well -->
slide<add place="inline" hand="HM">ing</add> off into the water,</ref> diving &
<!-- Line 3 -->
<lb n="3"/>ducking beneath <ref type="RNe" target="RNe14" n="e14">its’</ref> surface in all directions.—
<!-- Line 4 -->
<lb n="4"/>The young gerls springing buoyantly into the air, & revealing
<!-- Line 5 -->
<lb n="5"/>their naked forms to the waist, with their long
<!-- Line 6 -->
<!-- + sign used here as well -->
<lb n="6"/><del type="overstrike">hair</del> <ref type="RNms" target="RNms14" n="ms14">tresses</ref> dancing abouth their <ref type="RNe" target="RNe15" n="e15">bosoms &</ref> shoulders, <ref type="RNms" target="RNms15" n="ms15">the
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">y</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="inline">ir</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
<!-- Line 7 -->
<lb n="7"/>eyes sparkling like drops of dew in the sun & their
<!-- Line 8 -->
<lb n="8"/>gay laughter pealing forth at every frolicsome in=
<!-- Line 9 -->
<lb n="9"/>cident, <ref type="RNe" target="RNe16" n="e16">looked <ref type="RNms" target="RNms17" n="ms17"><add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">among those green mossy rocks</add></ref> like so many mermaids sporting
<!-- Line 10 -->
<lb n="10"/>in the billows that washed the <ref type="RNms" target="RNms17" n="ms17"><add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">sea weed covered</add></ref> sides of their
<!-- Line 11 -->
<lb n="11"/>
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms17" n="ms17">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">treacherous</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">mossy</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
lurking places.—</ref> <add place="inline" hand="HM"><figure entity="doodle1"></figure></add>
<!-- Line 12 -->
<!-- The following deleted text is referenced to ms18, so it will have to be displayed in the reading view -->
<lb n="12"/><ref type="RNms" target="RNms18" n="ms18"><del type="overstrike" hand="HM">About noon of this same</del></ref> ¶ During the latter part of the
<!-- Line 13 -->
<lb n="13"/><add place="marginleft" hand="GM">·</add><hi rend="underline">afternoon of this same<add place="supralinear" hand="GM">1</add> day,</hi><ref type="MN" target="vmn1">1</ref>
<!-- Margin Note -->
<note id="vmn1" n="1" place="marginright"><p>Underlining in pencil with penciled dot in left (?) margin and the number “1” appearing over the word “same.”</p></note>
we received another visit
<!-- Line 14 -->
<lb n="14"/>from “Mehevi.” The
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms19" n="ms19">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">Cheif</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">noble savage</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
<ref type="RNe" target="RNe18" n="e18">appeared</ref> to be in the
<!-- Line 15 -->
<lb n="15"/>same <ref type="RNe" target="RNe19" n="e19">high spirits</ref> & was <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">quite</add> as
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms20" n="ms20">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="erasure"><add place="supralinear">quite</add></del></rdg>
</app>
<ref type="MN" target="vmn2">2</ref>
<!-- Margin Note -->
<note id="vmn2" n="2" place="marginright"><p>The inserted word “quite” is canceled by a wiping away of the ink.</p></note>
cordial <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">in his manner</add> as before,</ref> <del type="overstrike" hand="HM">&</del>
<!-- Line 16 -->
<lb n="16"/>
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms21" n="ms21">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">a</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="inline">A</add></rdg>
</app>
fter</ref> remaining about an hour he rose from the
<!-- Line 17 -->
<lb n="17"/>mats &
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms22" n="ms22"><ref type="RNe" target="RNe20" n="e20">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">making preparations</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">moving</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref></ref>
to leave the house
<!-- Line 18 -->
<lb n="18"/>invited Toby & myself to accompany him.—
<!-- Line 19 -->
<lb n="19"/>I pointed to my leg, but Mehei <ref type="RNe" target="RNe21-22" n="e21">pointed <ref type="RNms" target="RNms23" n="ms23"><add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">in turn</add></ref></ref> to Kori Kori
<!-- Line 20 -->
<lb n="20"/><ref type="RNe" target="RNe21-22" n="e22">as tho’ the objection availed me nothing.</ref> <del type="overstrike" hand="HM">and</del> <ref type="RNms" target="RNms24" n="ms24">so</ref>
<!-- Line 21 -->
<lb n="21"/>mounting upon the faithful fellows shoulders again
<!-- Line 22 -->
<lb n="22"/>like the old man of the sea astride of Sinbad I
<!-- Line 23 -->
<lb n="23"/>followed after the Cheif. ¶ The nature of the route we
<!-- Line 24 -->
<lb n="24"/>now pursued, struck me more forcibly than anything I
<!-- Line 25 -->
<lb n="25"/>had yet seen as illustrating the indolent dispo=
<!-- Line 26 -->
<lb n="26"/>sition of <ref type="RNe" target="RNe23" n="e23">these
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms25" n="ms25">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">savages</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">islanders</add></rdg>
</app>
.</ref></ref> ¶ The path was obviously
<!-- Line 27 -->
<lb n="27"/>the most beaten one in the valley, several others
<!-- Line 28 -->
<lb n="28"/>leading from either side into it <ref type="RNms" target="RNms26-27" n="ms26"><add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">& perhaps for successive generations it had formed the principal avenue of the place</add> <add place="inline" hand="HM">&</add></ref> <ref type="RNms" target="RNms26-27" n="ms27">yet <del type="overstrike">despite</del>
<!-- Line 29 -->
<lb n="29"/><del type="overstrike">their circumstances</del> <del type="overstrike">it was</del> until I</ref> grew more
<!-- Line 30 -->
<lb n="30"/>familiar with its impediments, it seemed as difficult
<!-- Line 31 -->
<lb n="31"/>to travel as the recesses of a wilderness. Part of it
<!-- Line 32 -->
<lb n="32"/>swept round an abrupt rise of ground
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms28" n="ms28">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">whose</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">the</add></rdg>
</app>
<!-- Line 33 -->
<lb n="33"/>surface <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">of which</add></ref> was broken by frequent inequalities and
<!-- Line 34 -->
<lb n="34"/>thickly strewn with <del type="overstrike"><sic corr="masses">mass</sic></del> <ref type="RNms" target="RNms29" n="ms29">projecting masses</ref> of
<!-- Line 35 -->
<lb n="35"/><add place="marginleft" hand="GM">·</add>
<ref type="RNms" target="RNms30" n="ms30">
<ref type="RNe" target="RNe24" n="e24">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">moss covered</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">columnar</add></rdg>
</app>
</ref>
rocks.
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">with their</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">whose</add></rdg>
</app>
summits <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">were</add></ref> often <ref type="MN" target="vmn3">3</ref>
<!-- Margin Note -->
<note id="vmn3" n="3" place="marginright"><p>Penciled dot appears in left margin of this line.</p></note>
<!-- Line 36 -->
<lb n="36"/>hidden from view by the drooping foliage of the
<!-- Line 37 -->
<lb n="37"/><ref type="RNms" target="RNms31" n="ms31"><ref type="RNe" target="RNe25" n="e25">luxurious</ref></ref> vegetation around. Sometimes directly<add place="infralinear" hand="GM">.</add> <ref type="MN" target="vmn4">4</ref>
<!-- Margin Note -->
<note id="vmn4" n="4" place="marginright"><p>Penciled dot appears beneath word “directly.”</p></note>
<!-- Line 38 -->
<lb n="38"/>over, sometimes evading these obstacles with a
</ab>
</div>
</body>
<back>
<div id="revseq">
<head>Revision Sequences</head>
<p id="RSms1">
<del type="overstrike">On arriving <sic corr="upon">up</sic></del> ¶
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">My</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">Our</add></rdg>
</app>
appearance upon the verandah
<list>
<item n="1">On arriving up</item>
<item n="2"><hi rend="bold">My appearance upon the veranda</hi></item>
<item n="3"><hi rend="bold">Our</hi> appearance upon the veranda</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe1">Our appearance … drew together quite a crowd of the natives
<list>
<item n="1">quite a crowd</item>
<item n="2">quite a crowd […]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms2e2">the natives, who now stood looking on
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike"><add place="supralinear">all the while</add></del></rdg>
</app>
& conversing
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">lustily</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">in the most animated manner</add></rdg>
</app>
<hi rend="underline">with one another</hi>,
<list>
<item n="1">the natives, who now stood looking on & conversing <hi rend="bold">lustily</hi> with one another</item>
<item n="2">the natives, who now stood looking on & conversing <hi rend="bold">in the most animated manner</hi> with one another</item>
<item n="3">the natives, who now stood looking on <hi rend="bold">all the while</hi> & conversing in the most animated manner with one another</item>
<item n="4">the natives, who now stood looking on <hi rend="bold">all the while</hi> & conversing in the most animated manner <hi rend="bold"><hi rend="underline">with one another</hi></hi></item>
<item n="5">the natives, who now stood looking on <hi rend="bold">[…]</hi> & conversing i<hi rend="bold">n the most animated manner</hi> <hi rend="underline">with one another</hi></item>
<item n="6">the natives, who now stood looking on <hi rend="bold">[…]</hi> & conversing <hi rend="bold">with one another</hi> in the most animated manner [RNe2]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms3e3">like a group of
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">village</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">gossiping</add></rdg>
</app>
village idlers gathered about the <del type="overstrike">door</del> of a village
<list>
<item n="1">like a group of village idlers gathered about the door of</item>
<item n="2">like a group of village idlers gathered about the <hi rend="bold">tavern door of a village</hi></item>
<item n="3">like a group of <hi rend="bold">gossiping</hi> idlers gathered about the tavern door of a village</item>
<item n="4">like a group of gossiping idlers gathered about the tavern<hi rend="bold">[3]</hi> door<hi rend="bold">[1]</hi> of a village<hi rend="bold">[2]</hi></item>
<item n="5">like a group of gossiping idlers gathered about the <hi rend="bold">door of a village tavern</hi></item>
<item n="6"><hi rend="bold">like</hi> a group of idlers gathered about the door of a village tavern [RNe3]</item>
<item n="7"><hi rend="bold">They reminded one of</hi> a group of gossiping idlers gathered about the door of a village tavern</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms4">previous to his <del type="overstrike">taking his</del> departure
<list>
<item n="A1">previous to his taking his{departure}</item>
<item n="A2">previous to his <hi rend="bold">departure</hi></item>
</list>
or
<list>
<item n="B1">previous to his<hi rend="bold"></hi> taking his departure</item>
<item n="B2">previous to his <hi rend="bold">departure</hi></item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe4">the crowd composed cheifly of young girls & striking boys
<list>
<item n="1">young girls and striking boys</item>
<item n="2">young girls and <hi rend="bold">[…]</hi> boys</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe5">capering in infinite glee
<list>
<item n="1">capering in infinite glee</item>
<item n="2">capering <hi rend="bold">with</hi> infinite glee</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms5">On gaining it, Kori Kori wad
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">ed</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="inline">ing</add></rdg>
</app>
<list>
<item n="1">On gaining it, Kori Kori waded</item>
<item n="2">On gaining it, Kori Kori <hi rend="bold">wading</hi></item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms6">Kori Kori wading up to
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">the</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="inline">his</add></rdg>
</app>
hips in the water
<list>
<item n="1">Kori Kori wading up to the hips in the water</item>
<item n="2">Kori Kori wading up to <hi rend="bold">his</hi> hips in the water</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe6">deposited me on a smooth black rock
<list>
<item n="1">a smooth black rock</item>
<item n="2">a smooth black <hi rend="bold">stone</hi></item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms7">a smooth black rock which
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">was elevated</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">rose</add></rdg>
</app>
a few inches
<list>
<item n="1">a smooth black rock which was elevated a few inches</item>
<item n="2">a smooth black rock which <hi rend="bold">rose</hi> a few inches</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms8">The amphibius rabble at
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">my</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">our</add></rdg>
</app>
heels
<list>
<item n="1">The amphibius rabble at my heels</item>
<item n="2">The amphibius rabble at <hi rend="bold">our</hi> heels</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms9">climbing to the summit of the
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">large stones</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">grass grown rocks</add></rdg>
</app>
with which the bed of the brook was here & there broken,
<list>
<item n="1">climbing to the summit of the large stones </item>
<item n="2">climbing to the summit of the <hi rend="bold">grass grown rocks</hi> </item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms10e7">The amphibius rabble … waited curiously to <del type="overstrike" hand="HM">see</del> witness my morning ablutions.
<list>
<item n="1">waited curiously to see </item>
<item n="2">waited curiously to <hi rend="bold">witness</hi> my morning ablutions</item>
<item n="3">waited curiously to witness <hi rend="bold">our</hi> morning ablutions [RNe7]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms11e8">Somewhat embarrassed by the presence of the female portion of the company I removed my
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">shirt</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="marginright">frock</add></rdg>
</app>
bending over washed my face in the stream
<list>
<item n="1">Somewhat embarrassed by the presence of the female portion of the company I removed my shirt</item>
<item n="2">Somewhat embarrassed by the presence of the female portion of the company I removed my <hi rend="bold">frock & bending over washed my face in the stream. </hi> </item>
<item n="3">Somewhat embarrassed by the presence of the female portion of the company, <hi rend="bold">and feeling my cheeks burning with bashful timidity, I formed a primitive basin by joining my hands together, and cooled my blushes inthe water it contained; then removing </hi>my frock, <hi rend="bold">bent</hi> over and washed <hi rend="bold">myself down to my waist</hi> in the stream. [RSe8]</item>
<item n="4"><hi rend="bold">I felt</hi> somewhat embarrassed by the presence of the female portion of the company, <hi rend="bold">[…] but nevertheless removed</hi> my frock and washed myself down to my waist in the stream. [AR version]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe9">to immerse my whole body in the water.
<list>
<item n="1">to immerse my whole body in the water.</item>
<item n="2">to immerse my whole body <hi rend="bold">[…]</hi>.</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe10">I was forced to consent, since the honest fellow regarding me … lifted me
<list>
<item n="1">since<hi rend="bold"></hi> the honest fellow</item>
<item n="2"><hi rend="bold">and</hi> the honest fellow</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms12">since the honest fellow regarding me as <del type="overstrike">an</del> a froward inexperienced child
<list>
<item n="1">regarding me as an{inexperienced child}</item>
<item n="2">regarding me as <hi rend="bold">a froward inexperienced child</hi></item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms13">the honest fellow … <del type="overstrike">now</del> lifted me from the rock
<list>
<item n="A1">the honest fellow now</item>
<item n="A2">the honest fellow <hi rend="bold">lifted me from the rock</hi></item>
</list>
or
<list>
<item n="B1">the honest fellow now lifted me from the rock</item>
<item n="B2">the honest fellow <hi rend="bold">[…]</hi> lifted me from the rock</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe11">& tenderly bathed my limbs in the flood.
<list>
<item n="1">bathed my limbs in the flood.</item>
<item n="2">bathed my limbs <hi rend="bold">[…]</hi>.</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe12">I could not help bursting into admiration at the scene around me.
<list>
<item n="1">bursting into admiration at the scene</item>
<item n="2">bursting into admiration <hi rend="bold">of</hi> the scene</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms14e13">From the smooth <add place="supralinear_caret">verdant</add>surfaces of the
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">rocks</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">large stones</add></rdg>
</app>
that lay
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">strewn around</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">scattered about</add></rdg>
</app>
, the natives
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">had now</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">were now</add></rdg>
</app>
slide<add place="inline" hand="HM">ing</add> off into the water,
<list>
<item n="1">From the smooth surfaces of the rocks that lay strewn around, the natives had now slide [sic] off into the water</item>
<item n="2">From the smooth surfaces of the rocks that lay strewn around, the natives <hi rend="bold">were now sliding</hi> off into the water</item>
<item n="3">From the smooth <hi rend="bold">verdant</hi> surfaces of the <hi rend="bold">large stones</hi> that lay strewn around, </item>
<item n="4">From the smooth verdant surfaces of the large stones that lay <hi rend="bold">scattered</hi> around, </item>
<item n="5">From the smooth verdant surfaces of the large stones that lay scattered<hi rend="bold"> about</hi>, </item>
<item n="6">From the <hi rend="bold">verdant surfaces</hi> of the large stones that lay scattered<hi rend="bold"></hi> about, [RNe13]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSe14">diving & ducking beneath its' surface
<list>
<item n="1">diving & ducking beneath its' surface</item>
<item n="2">diving & ducking beneath <hi rend="bold">the</hi> surface</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms15e15">with their long <del type="overstrike">hair</del> tresses dancing abouth their bosoms & shoulders,
<list>
<item n="1">with their long <hi rend="bold">hair</hi> dancing abouth their bosoms & shoulders</item>
<item n="2">with their long <hi rend="bold">tresses</hi> dancing abouth their bosoms & shoulders</item>
<item n="3">with their long tresses dancing <hi rend="bold">about</hi> <hi rend="bold">their shoulders</hi> [RNe15]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms16">The young gerls … the
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">y</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="inline">ir</add></rdg>
</app>
eyes sparkling like drops of dew
<list>
<item n="1">they eyes sparkling like drops of dew</item>
<item n="2"><hi rend="bold">their</hi> eyes sparkling like drops of dew</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms17e16">looked <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">among those green mossy rocks</add> like so many mermaids sporting in the billows that washed the <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">sea weed covered</add> sides of their
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">treacherous</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">mossy</add></rdg>
</app>
lurking places.
<list>
<item n="1">"The young gerls … looked like so many mermaids sporting in the billows that washed the sides of their treacherous lurking places."</item>
<item n="2">"The young gerls … looked like so many mermaids sporting in the billows that washed the sides of their <hi rend="bold">mossy</hi> lurking places."</item>
<item n="3">"The young gerls … looked <hi rend="bold">among those green mossy rocks</hi> like so many mermaids sporting in the billows that washed the sea weed covered<hi rend="bold"></hi> sides of their mossy lurking places." </item>
<item n="4">"The young gerls … looked like so many mermaids sporting in the billows that washed the <hi rend="bold">sea weed covered</hi> sides of their mossy lurking places."</item>
<item n="5">Omited [RNe16]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms18e17"><del type="overstrike" hand="HM">About noon of this same</del> ¶ During the latter part of the afternoon of this same<add place="supralinear" hand="GM">1</add> day,
<list>
<item n="1">About noon of this same day</item>
<item n="2"><hi rend="bold">During the latter part of the afternoon of this same day</hi></item>
<item n="3">During the latter part of the afternoon <hi rend="underline">of this same day</hi></item>
<item n="4">On the afternoon of the day that I took my first bath in the valley [RNe17]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms19e18-19">The
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">Cheif</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">noble savage</add></rdg>
</app>
appeared to be in the same high spirits
<list>
<item n="1">The Chief appeared to be in the same high spirits</item>
<item n="2">The <hi rend="bold">noble savage</hi> appeared to be in the same high spirits</item>
<item n="3">The noble savage appeared to be in the same <hi rend="bold">pleasant mood</hi> [RNe18]</item>
<item n="4">The noble savage <hi rend="bold">seemed</hi> to be in the same pleasant mood [RNe19]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms20">& was <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">quite</add> as
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="erasure"><add place="supralinear">quite</add></del></rdg>
</app>
cordial <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">in his manner</add> as before,
<list>
<item n="1">& was as cordial as before</item>
<item n="2">& was as <hi rend="bold">quite</hi> cordial as before</item>
<item n="3">& was <hi rend="bold">quite</hi> as cordial as before</item>
<item n="4">& was quite as cordial <hi rend="bold">in his manner </hi>as before</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms21">
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">a</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="inline">A</add></rdg>
</app>
fter remaining about an hour
<list>
<item n="1">& after remaining about an hour</item>
<item n="2"><hi rend="bold">After</hi> remaining about an hour</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms22e20">
&
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">making preparations</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear">moving</add></rdg>
</app>
to leave
<list>
<item n="1">& making preparations to leave</item>
<item n="2">& <hi rend="bold">moving</hi> to leave </item>
<item n="3">& <hi rend="bold">motioning</hi> to leave [RNe20]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms23e21-22">but Mehei pointed <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">in turn</add> to Kori Kori as tho’ the objection availed me nothing.
<list>
<item n="1">but Mehei pointed to Kori Kori as tho' the objection availed me nothing. </item>
<item n="2">but Mehei pointed <hi rend="bold">in turn to</hi> Kori Kori as tho' the objection availed me nothing.</item>
<item n="3">but Mehevi <hi rend="bold">in his turn</hi> pointed to Kory-Kory as tho' the objection availed me nothing. [RNe21] </item>
<item n="4">but Mehevi in his turn pointed to Kory-Kory<hi rend="bold">, and removed that objection;</hi> [RNe22] </item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms24">but Mehei pointed <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">in turn</add> to Kori Kori as tho’ the objection availed me nothing. <del type="overstrike" hand="HM">and</del> so mounting upon the faithful fellows shoulders
<list>
<item n="A1">but Mehei pointed to Kori Kori as tho' the objection availed me nothing. and</item>
<item n="A2">but Mehei pointed to Kori Kori as tho' the objection availed me nothing. <hi rend="bold">so mounting upon the faithful fellows shoulder</hi></item>
</list>
or
<list>
<item n="B1">but Mehei pointed to Kori Kori as tho' the objection availed me nothing. and so mounting upon the faithful fellows shoulder</item>
<item n="B2">but Mehei pointed to Kori Kori as tho' the objection availed me nothing. <hi rend="bold">[…]</hi> so mounting upon the faithful fellows shoulder</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms25e23">the indolent disposition of these
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">savages</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">islanders</add></rdg>
</app>
<list>
<item n="1">the indolent disposition of these savages</item>
<item n="2">the indolent disposition of these <hi rend="bold">islanders</hi></item>
<item n="3">the indolent disposition of <hi rend="bold">the</hi> islanders [RNe23]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms26-27">The path was obviously
<!-- Line 27 -->
<lb n="27"/>the most beaten one in the valley, several others leading from either side into it <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">& perhaps for successive generations it had formed the principal avenue of the place</add> <add place="inline" hand="HM">&</add> yet <del type="overstrike">despite their circumstances</del> <del type="overstrike">it was</del> until I grew more familiar with its impediments, it seemed as difficult to travel as the recesses of a wilderness.
<list>
<item n="1">The path was obviously the most beaten one in the valley, several others leading from either side into it yet despite their circumstances it was {as difficult to travel as the recesses of a wilderness.}</item>
<item n="2">The path was obviously the most beaten one in the valley, several others leading from either side into it <hi rend="bold">& perhaps for successive generations it had formed the principal avenue of the place yet</hi></item>
<item n="3">The path was obviously the most beaten one in the valley, several others leading from either side into it & perhaps for successive generations it had formed the principal avenue of the place <hi rend="bold">&</hi> yet<hi rend="bold"> until I grew more familiar with its impediments, it seemed as difficult to travel as the recesses of a wilderness.</hi></item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms28">rise of ground
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">whose</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">the</add></rdg>
</app>
surface <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">of which</add> was broken
<list>
<item n="1">rise of ground whose surface was broken</item>
<item n="2">rise of ground <hi rend="bold">the</hi> surface <hi rend="bold">of which</hi> was broken</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms29">with <del type="overstrike"><sic corr="masses">mass</sic></del> projecting masses
<list>
<item n="1">with mass{es}</item>
<item n="2">with <hi rend="bold">projecting masses</hi></item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms30e24">projecting masses of <add place="marginleft" hand="GM">·</add>
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">moss covered</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">columnar</add></rdg>
</app>
rocks.
<app>
<rdg varSeq="1" hand="HM"><del type="overstrike">with their</del></rdg>
<rdg varSeq="2" hand="HM"><add place="supralinear_caret">whose</add></rdg>
</app>
summits <add place="supralinear_caret" hand="HM">were</add> often hidden
<list>
<item n="1">projecting masses of moss covered rocks with their summits often hidden</item>
<item n="2">projecting masses of <hi rend="bold">columnar</hi> rocks with their summits often hidden</item>
<item n="3">projecting masses of columnar rocks <hi rend="bold">whose</hi> summits <hi rend="bold">were</hi> often hidden</item>
<item n="4">projecting masses of <hi rend="bold">[…]</hi> rocks whose summits were<hi rend="bold"></hi> often hidden [RNe24]</item>
</list>
</p>
<p id="RSms31e25">luxurius vegetation
<list>
<item n="1">luxurius vegetation [penciled dot]</item>
<item n="2"><hi rend="bold">luxuriant</hi> vegetation [RNe25]</item>
</list>
</p>
</div>
<div id="revnarr">
<head>Revision Narratives</head>
<p synch="RSms1" id="RNms1">HM first considers writing something like “On arriving upon the verandah,” but he cancels the idea before he completes the word “upon” [step 1] and changes to “My appearance upon the verandah” [2], which in a later proofreading phase, he emends to “Our appearance” [3], thus stressing Kory-Kory’s presence as well. See RNms8 and e7.</p>
<p synch="RSe1" id="RNe1">“Of the natives” does not appear in print, and the reason for the cut is not entirely clear given that the grammar of the resultant “crowd who” is questionable, and that removing “of the natives” breaks the parallelism with “group of gossiping idlers.” HM may have cut this phrase in fair copy before submitting to Murray to westernize the scene. Or, an editor may have made the cut thinking “of the natives” was somehow an unneeded modifier of “crowd.”</p>
<p synch="RSms2e2" id="RNms2">Initially, HM wrote “who now stood looking on & conversing lustily with one another [Step 1]. In a proofreading phase he thought better of “lustily” and changed it to “in the most animated manner” [2]. Probably at this same time he also inserted “all the while” above “looking on” [3] in order to stress the concurrence of activities. Since HM supplied no caret, its intended position in the sentence is just a guess. At some later point, Gansevoort underlined “with one another” in pencil [4] possibly to indicate that the phrase is a bit redundant in light of “all the while.” HM may have then returned to the manuscript and decided in fact to cancel “all the while” [5].</p>
<p synch="RSms2e2" id="RNe2">Gansevoort's light pencil underlining of “with one another” might also have been his indication that the phrase should be transposed with “in the most animated manner” [6], an editorial revision HM may have made in fair copy. If this were not the case, Murray's copy-editor or Gansevoort later on in proofs would have made the transposition.</p>
<p synch="RSms3e3" id="RNms3">HM is revising probably while copying. He first writes “a group of village idlers gathered about the door of” [step 1]with the idea of finishing the phrase with something like “door of a village tavern.” Instead, he cancels “door of” and continues on with “tavern door of a village” [2]. Recognizing either immediately or in a later proofreading phase that this repeats “village” in “village idlers,” he cancels the first “village” inserting “gossiping” to give “gossiping idlers”[3]. Also in the later pencil sub-stage Gansevoort placed a penciled dot in the margin and numbered the words “door,” “village,” and “tavern” with 1, 2, and 3, respectively, to indicate a final revision to “door of a tavern village” [4]. Although HM did not finalize the suggested revision in manuscript, this is the reading that appears in the first English edition [5]. </p>
<p synch="RSms3e3" id="RNe3">The two subsequent revisions at this site [steps 6 & 7] first appear in the English edition and probably resulted from efforts by HM alone and by both HM and his editors, either Gansevoort or Murray. First, the matter of “gossiping idlers.” Initially in step 3, HM had added the qualifier to replace “village idlers” perhaps as part of his general attempt here and elsewhere to westernize the natives by depicting them in terms of amiable Irvingesque village life. But it also seems that HM felt he had gone too far or in the wrong direction, and that he toned down the Irvingesque by removing “gossiping” [6]. Nor does it seem likely that an editor would take it upon himself to remove “gossiping,” but only that the author would sense that his “idlers” need not be gossips in this scene. Second, the conversion of the long “like” phrase into a main clause [7] creates better pacing and marshalling of detail; and the use of “reminded” is in keeping with HM's references elsewhere to recollection. However, the impersonality of “one” in “They reminded one” is overly formalized and atypical of HM's recollection statements. It is possible, then, that HM revised the phrase into something like “They reminded me …” but that an editor revised “reminded me” to “reminded one.”</p>
<p synch="RSms4" id="RNms4">HM may have canceled “taking his” as soon as he inscribed it, thus revising his text while copying it. If so, he may have had “his taking his departure”[step A1] in mind, but in mid-thought shifted to simply “his departure” [A2]. However, the cross-hatch cancellation marks are more typical of changes made in later proofreading phases, so it is more likely that HM first wrote “his taking his departure” [B1] and upon returning to his text simply canceled the seemingly redundant “taking his” to give “previous to his departure” [B2].</p>
<p synch="RSe4" id="RNe4">The removal in print of “striking” from “young girls & striking boys” [step 1] turns a somewhat sexually charged phrase into the merely routine “young girls & boys” [2]. On the heels of the preceding adverbial clause concerning Tommo's clasping his arms around Kory-Kory, the idea of “striking” boys might have pushed the homosociality of Tommo's male bonding too close to a homosexual yearning of youth and beauty. The removal of the word would therefore fits the theory that HM was altering his manuscript to make Tommo's heterosexual orientation more clearly pronounced. But this does not prove that HM cut “striking.” A brother or British editor equally sensitive to the matter might have made the cut.</p>
<p synch="RSe5" id="RNe5">The manuscript revisions indicate HM's sensitivity to redundancies, and it is therefore likely that the revision of “in” [step 1] to “with” [2] is his attempt to remove the repetition. However, “in glee” is a non-standard usage, and an editor might have made the change to the more familiar “with infinite glee.” Then, again, HM himself might have used the same reasoning to make the change.</p>
<p synch="RSms5" id="RNms5">HM inscribes “ing” over “ed” to convert “waded” [step 1] into “wading” [2]. The change may have occurred while HM was copying from a now-lost draft. Quite possibly, HM may have intended to copy “wading” but simply miswrote “waded,” which he immediately corrected. He may also have attempted “waded” as a trial run on an alternative phrasing: “Kory-Kory waded …, carrying me, etc.” If so, his decision to go with “wading” may have been triggered when he reached “carried” one line down. Interestingly enough, the “gaining …, wading …, carried” structure was retained in the first English edition, even though it is a bit clumsy and atypical of the kinds of alternations of verbals HM preferred elsewhere in his revisions.</p>
<p synch="RSms6" id="RNms6">HM changes “the” [step 1] to “his” [2] by inscribing one word over the other, probably during a proofreading phase.</p>
<p synch="RSe6" id="RNe6">HM probably made this revision found in print of “rock” [step 1] to “stone” [2] since in manuscript he had made the reverse revision of “large stones” to “grass grown rocks” at RSms9 thus creating a repetition of “rock.” Presumably, he did not catch the “rock” repetition until some time during the post-manuscript, fair-copy stage. (See also RNms 14 & 18.)</p>
<p synch="RSms7" id="RNms7">Since “elevated” [step 1] might suggest that the rock was actually floating in air, this seemingly indifferent proofreading revision to “rose” [2] was probably made by an editor on the score of precise diction rather than the alliteration with “rock” (which, in any case, HM had changed to “stone” in RSe6 before going to print).</p>
<p synch="RSms8" id="RNms8">In a proofreading phase HM altered “my” [step 1] to “our” [2], again to emphasize Kory-Kory's presence in this scene. See RNms1 and RNe7.</p>
<p synch="RSms9" id="RNms9">Throughout his description of the stream, HM revises in a proofreading phase to stress the green vegetation on the rocks. The shift from “stones” [step 1] to “rocks” [2] is probably coordinated with the reverse shift from “rocks” to “large stones” in note 14. (See also RNe6 & RNms18)</p>
<p synch="RSms10e7" id="RNms10">HM's baseline change of “see” [step 1] to “witness” [2] was made immediately as he wrote. He may have been composing fresh material here, but the generally “clean” state of this MS page suggests that he is copying, and altering his diction as he copies. The revision suggests a shift in Tommo's self-image: The native women no longer simply observe him; they “witness” his bath as if to suggest that this event now has a significant meaning.</p>
<p synch="RSms10e7" id="RNe7">Only Melville is likely to have made this revision of “my” to “our”[3] as he was preparing his manuscript for fair copy. The revision returns the emphasis back to Kory-Kory and Tommo together. See RNms1 and 8.</p>
<p synch="RSms11e8" id="RNms11">This sequence involves one of the few instances in which text revised in manuscript and later in the first English edition is also revised again for the American revised edition. In manuscript, HM first wrote “… I removed my shirt” [step 1], but revised “shirt” to “frock” probably at the moment he wrote it [2]. The revision reminds us of Tommo's sailor status. Just off his ship, he would be wearing his sailor's frock, not the more-refined shirt HM was no doubt wearing as he composed <hi rend="italic">Typee</hi>. Sometime during or after the fair-copy stage [3], HM expanded the bathing scene adding significantly more sexually charged material (burning cheeks, bashful timidity, and blushes that need cooling). He also has Tommo wash “[him]self down to the waist” rather than just his face. The effect is to dramatize Tommo's feelings of embarrassment at this crucial moment of initial undressing. It is also evidence of HM's conscious transformation of a remembered moment into a sensual awakening, an expansion upon his own as well as his character's sexual self-awareness.</p>
<p synch="RSms11e8" id="RNe8">But apparently, this sensual expansion was too much for editor John Wiley. In the American Revised edition the passage is reduced, but not to its original textual state. The burning cheeks, timidity, and cooled blushes are removed [4]; however, Tommo continues to bathe himself in front of the “female portion” to the waist rather than simply wash his face. In this one revision site, then, we see HM's early intention to merely transcribe a memory transformed into a sensual self-expression that he is forced later on to translate for editors and audience into more restrained language.</p>
<p synch="RSe9" id="RNe9">“In the water” [step 1] is redundant with “immersed” [2]. While HM was sensitive to aural repetitions (such as “in infinite glee,” see RNe5), he may not have caught this conceptual redundancy. Quite possibly, the change was suggested or made by Gansevoort, or Murray's copy-editor.</p>
<p synch="RSe10" id="RNe10">The switch from the adverbial conjunction “since” [step 1], which implies a faulty causal relation, to the coordinate conjunction “and” [2], which here simply implies a sequence of events, is likely to have been an editorial rather than authorial refinement.</p>
<p synch="RSms12" id="RNms12">The false start “an” indicates that HM initially had “an inexperienced child” in mind and was beginning to copy that out but immediately canceled “an” [step 1] and changed his phrasing to “a froward inexperienced child” [2]. It is also possible, however, that he had the final phrasing in mind, but simply miswrote “an” for “a.”</p>
<p synch="RSms13" id="RNms13">HM may have canceled “now” [steps A1 & 2] as he copied, or more probably later in proofreading [steps B1 & 2]. The adverb gives a present tense feel or immediacy to HM's narrative past tense. Quite possibly, he used such phrasing when he was rehearsing this and other tales on deck or around the fireplace for friends and family. But the aural punctuation of such storytelling devices like “now” is unnecessary here. HM may have also canceled the word here in order to put it to better use a few lines down in his description of the natives sliding into the water (see RNms14).</p>
<p synch="RSe11" id="RNe11">Chances are whoever (Gansevoort or Murray) removed the redundant “immersed … in the water” in RSe9 would have the same inclination to alter the similarly redundant phrase from “bathed … in the flood” [step 1] to simply “bathed” [2]. (See RSe9.)</p>
<p synch="RSe12" id="RNe12">Melville's somewhat colloquial “admiration at” [step 1] may have been revised to the more common usage “admiration of” [2] by either his brother Gansevoort or Murray's editor.</p>
<p synch="RSms14e13" id="RNms14">This clause reveals four revisions possibly made at the same time, but not necessarily in the exact sequence determined here. HM originally wrote “From the smooth surfaces of the rocks that lay strewn around, the natives had now slide [sic] off into the water…” [step 1]. Two major changes are a shift from past perfect tense (had slide [sic]) to present progressive (were now sliding) and the insertion of “verdant” to modify “rocks.” The former marks a significant shift in narrative tone [2]. In the previous paragraph, HM has treated the events in the simple past tense. Moving to the past perfect simply indicates that the natives had gone about their business while Kory-Kory began bathing Tommo. However, the subsequent revision to present progressive creates a more immediate sense of action than the original past perfect. (The miswriting of “slide” for “slid” may be accidental, or HM may have been going for “had slided” but decided in mid-word upon a change to “were now sliding.”) The insertion of “verdant” stresses the greenness of the rocks [3]. This coincides with insertions appearing a few lines earlier: “grass grown rocks” (RNms9) and later “green mossy rocks,” “sea weed covered,” and “mossy” (RNms18). The other two revisions are relatively minor reworkings of words. The shift from “rocks” to “large stones” corresponds to the reverse shift in RNms9, and may have occurred along with the insertion of “verdant” [3]. HM also plays around with “strewn” and “scattered.” He begins with “strewn around” [steps 1-3] tries out “scattered around” [4] and then decides on “scattered about” [5]. </p>
<p synch="RSms14e13" id="RNe13">HM may have originally intended to substitute “verdant” for “smooth,” but had failed in manuscript to cancel “smooth.” The word “smooth” is dropped in the first edition [6], and may have been removed by HM as he prepared his fair copy or by an editor (including his brother) at a later stage.</p>
<p synch="RSe14" id="RNe14">The shift from “its'” to “the” has little affect on meaning apart from the removal of the unnecessary apostrophe; thus, it is likely to have been made by Murray's house editor.</p>
<p synch="RSms15e15" id="RNms15">Probably as he was composing rather than copying, HM canceled “hair” [step 1] immediately as he wrote it and continued on the baseline with the more romantic “tresses” [2]. The miswritten “abouth” was no doubt corrected in the fair copy stage. </p>
<p synch="RSms15e15" id="RNe15">HM may have also toned down the sexuality of the scene by removing “bosoms &” himself; however, that removal may have been a later censoring by his editor [3].</p>
<p synch="RSms16" id="RNms16">HM cancels the “y” in “they” and squeezes “ir” at the end to form “their.” There are at least three explanations for this alteration. HM may have simply miswritten “they” for “their,” and later upon proofing corrected it. Another, more remote possibility is that HM intended “they” as a repetition of his subject “young gerls” which he immediately followed with more modifiers in parallel until we reach the common predicate “looked like.” That is, “The young gerls[,] springing buoyantly…” and “they[,] eyes sparkling…” would be in parallel. If this is the case, HM nevertheless felt the repeated subject to be unnecessary (not to mention gram</p>
<p synch="RSms17e16" id="RNms17">Initially, HM wrote that the “young gerls … looked like so many mermaids sporting in the billows that washed the sides of their treacherous lurking places” [step 1]. And he stopped writing for a spell (either he was copying or perhaps composing at this point) leaving half a line blank. He may have paused to puzzle over the imagery of this passage, or he may have simply reached the end of a day's work. In any event, upon returning to the manuscript, he revised the scene a good deal. As it stood, the line contained something of an ambiguity. It seems clear that in using the words “their treacherous lurking places,” HM intended to refer to those hidden rocky places where mermaids lurk in order to lure sailors to their death. But the phrasing also has a double entendre, giving the alternative impression that “lurking places” refers to the female anatomy. We cannot tell if the desire to modify or eliminate this apparently inadvertent sexual aspect of an already sensual image motivated HM's revisions, but the effect of the changes in fact enhances as well the sensuality of the imagery.</p>
<p>HM's general strategy seems to be to distance the girls from the mermaid imagery that defines them by emphasizing the girls' placement on slippery river rocks (covered with moss) as opposed to the mermaids' ocean habitat and its “sea weed covered” rocks. But the trigger for those changes may have been the shift from “treacherous” to “mossy” [2]. Here, HM is toning down the ominousness of the sexual association, but the image is faulty, for moss <hi rend="underline">per se</hi> does not grow on sea rocks. Even so, this triggers the fuller and more accurate alignment of river versus sea: HM inserts “among those green mossy rocks” for the girls [3] and then “sea weed covered” [4] to define the sides of the mermaids' “lurking places.” But HM does not, then, cancel the redundant “mossy” used to define “places.” Since HM is meticulous elsewhere in eliminating such redundancies throughout his manuscript, we might conclude that HM was done with this passage. As it now stands, the image, while more careful in its separation of the girls from the mermaids, is even more sensual than before with its “mossy lurking places.” In reflecting upon his revisions, HM may have at this time created his wavy line doodle filling up most of the blank space to the right. Does the doodle depict ocean waves, or mermaid's hips? Perhaps HM was just letting out ink before leaving off for the day.</p>
<p synch="RSms17e16" id="RNe16">Whatever the scenario, and whether HM finally completed this seemingly incomplete revision in some later proofreading phase not recorded on this manuscript document, the description itself does not appear in the first English edition [5]. Either HM gave up on it, or censored himself, or he finished the revision only to meet the censoring of an editor. See also ms14.</p>
<p synch="RSms18e17" id="RNms18">As mentioned in RNms17, the blank space in the preceding line suggests that HM paused in his writing, perhaps at day's end, upon completing the previous paragraph. The false start “About noon of this same day” [step 1] indicates here that HM is quite possibly composing fresh material. Starting up fresh at this point, he is not certain about the timing of what is to come. He cancels the noon designation as soon as he writes it, and continues on, placing the coming events “During the latter part of the afternoon of this same day” [2]. In the pencil sub-stage, someone, probably Gansevoort, underlined “of this same day” in pencil and placed the number “1” also in pencil over the phrase, indicating the need for a further clarification of time [3].</p>
<p synch="RSms18e17" id="RNe17">Although HM did not revise the phrase in ink on his manuscript , he is probably responsible for revision to “On the afternoon of the day that I took my first bath in the valley” [4], which appears in the English edition.</p>
<p synch="RSms19e18-19" id="RNms19">HM's shift from “Cheif” to “noble savage” occurred in a proofreading phase and may have also served as a means of eliminating the redundancy of “Cheif” nine lines later [steps 1-2]. In general, HM revised to eliminate the words “savage” and “native” in favor of “islander” as, for instance, in the revision to “islander”12 lines down (see RNmsXX). Here, however, is one of the rare instances in which HM reverses the process to add a self-consciously positive Rousseauean aspect to King Mehevi. </p>
<p synch="RSms19e18-19" id="RNe18">The shift from “high spirits” to “pleasant mood” [3], which appears in the English edition only, has little affect on meaning except to genialize or otherwise moderate Mehevi's demeanor; thus, it is probably HM's revision made during the fair copy stage. </p>
<p synch="RSms19e18-19" id="RNe19">However, the shift from “appeared” to “seemed” [4] also found in the English edition was probably made by editors, who elsewhere favor the latter over the former.</p>
<p synch="RSms20" id="RNms20">HM first wrote “& was as cordial as before” [step 1]. In a proofreading phase, he first inserted “quite” between “as” and “cordial” [2], but then realizing the grammatical misplacement, canceled the word by wiping away the still-wet ink with a finger and inserted “quite” again, this time after “was” [3]. Continuing to modify the phrase, he then inserted “in his manner” after cordial [4].</p>
<p synch="RSms21" id="RNms21">HM originally conceived of his sentence about the “noble savage” Mehevi as a compound with an ampersand as his conjunction [step 1]. But to eliminate the redundancy of “ands” appearing in the second clause, he altered the compound sentence in a proofreading phase to two main clauses by canceling the “&” and writing a capital “A” over the small “a” in “after” [2]. This revision may be coordinated with the elimination of “and” in RNmsXX.</p>
<p synch="RSms22e20" id="RNms22">Here we find a series of revisions in manuscript and the first English edition which indicate a slight, probably unintended drifting of meaning. Originally, HM has Mehevi “making preparations to leave” [step 1]. This he revised in a proofreading phase to “moving to leave” [2], which conveys, somewhat, the idea of preparing to leave. </p>
<p synch="RSms22e20" id="RNe20">However, in the English edition, HM or an editor revised “moving” to “motioning” [3], which suggests the Mehevi is gesturing or beckoning to Tommo rather than fixing himself to leave.</p>
<p synch="RSms23e21-22" id="RNms23">HM first wrote “but Mehei pointed to Kori Kori as tho' the objection availed me nothing.” [step 1]. The proofreading phase insertion of “in turn” [2] emphasizes the effective communication of the two men through gestures. Tommo's gesture means “I cannot walk”; Mehevi's means “Kory-Kory will carry you.” </p>
<p synch="RSms23e21-22" id="RNe21-22">In the first English edition, the phrasing “in turn” is tinkered to “in his turn” [3] probably by an editor. However, in a separate revision probablty made by HM, Tommo's further comment to the reader — “as tho' the objection availed me nothing” — is modified to “and removed that objection” [4]. The former ms phrasing implies a resistance on Tommo's part to being carried; the latter removes that implication making Tommo appear more at ease with the prospect of being carried by Kory-Kory.</p>
<p synch="RSms24" id="RNms24">Initially, HM planned to continue his description of Tommo's first act of climbing on board Kory-Kory in a coordinated clause beginning with either “and” or “and so,” but he finally decided upon the solo conjunction “so.” It is possible that “and” is a false start for “and so” [step A1] in which case HM canceled “and” the moment he wrote it, opted for “so,” and continued on [A2]. Or, he may have initially composed a double conjunction, “and so” [step B1], and later canceled the superfluous “and” during a proofreading phase [B2]. Chances are the latter scenario holds: in composing while copying he tended to adopt a more casual phrasing, like “and so,” typical of oral story-telling, which he later on pared down to more refined locutions. This revision may also be coordinated with the reduction of “ands” found in RSms21.</p>
<p synch="RSms25e23" id="RNms25">One of several removals of the word “savage” [sep 1] for “islanders” [2] found throughout the manuscript. Here, the revision effectively tones down the degree of scorn Tommo registers as he inveighs (in typical colonialist fashion) against the indolence of the natives. </p>
<p synch="RSms25e23" id="RNe23">The shift from “these islanders” to “the islanders” [3] tends to generalize to all islanders the localized indolence of these particular islanders, and the revision would reinforce Tommo's apparent denigration, at this point, of island custom.</p>
<p synch="RSms26-27" id="RNms26-27">HM's initial idea (as expressed in the preceding sentence) seems to have been to use the winding nature of the path as an example of the islanders' indolence. That is, the path is not level or direct because the lazy pathmakers prefer to go around impediments rather than remove them. However, HM's description of one's exertion in walking the route seems to counter his thesis by suggesting that the Typees must work hard at traveling the road. As it stands here in manuscript and in print, the paragraph comes to no final resolution about what the path reveals concerning Typeean character. But the revisions here, like the change of “savages” to “islanders” in the previous paragraph (RSms25), reflect HM's evolution toward a less critical stance on native custom.</p>
<p>HM began with the intention of writing a statement that flatly attests to a contradiction: the path is well-beaten but difficult to travel. He first writes “The path was obviously the most beaten one in the valley, several others leading from either side into it yet despite their circumstances it was” [step 1]. HM stopped himself at this point, probably with the idea of stressing his observation of the island contradiction with the thought “yet despite their circumstances it was {as difficult to travel as the recesses of a wilderness}.” Although it is not clear what the antecedent of “their” is, whether it refers to the “several other” roads or to the islanders, HM seems to want to suggest that the well-beaten “circumstances” of the roads exist despite their circuitousness. But he interrupts the thought canceling “yet despite their circumstances it was,” and inserts a second main clause, “& perhaps for successive generations it had formed the principal avenue of the place” [2]. This expansion stresses the antiquity of Typeean culture, and suggests some attempt to come to terms with the oddity of Marquesan roadways. HM concludes the series of revisions by squeezing another ampersand in front of “yet” laying the ground for his initially intended contrast statement in a third main clause: “and yet until I grew more familiar with its impediments, it seemed as difficult to travel as the recesses of wilderness” [3]. The phrase “until I grew more familiar with its impediments” modulates his initial sense of a contradiction and suggests that his increased familiarity with the path tempers his view of Typeean indolence.</p>
<p synch="RSms28" id="RNms28">HM first wrote the colloquial (but acceptable) “rise of ground whose surface was broken” [step 1] then in proofreading revised to the more precisely grammatical “the surface of which was broken” [2] (This revision was probably coordinated with RSms30.)</p>
<p synch="RSms29" id="RNms29">HM may have jumped ahead of himself while copying by writing the false start “mass” [step 1] for “masses” [2] and then correcting to “projecting masses”; or he may have revised while copying by interrupting “masses” in mid-word to expand to “projecting masses.”</p>
<p synch="RSms30e24" id="RNms30">HM's most immediate concern seems to be the need to eliminate the assonance of “projecting masses of moss covered rocks” [step 1]. He may have also wanted to reduce the redundancy of “moss,” a word that appears in one version or another on this MS page. The revision of “moss covered” to “columnar” [2] serves this end and adds a new descriptive feature of the Marquesan terrain. But while “columnar” or dramatically vertical formations can be found on Nuku Hiva, the implied verticality of “columnar rocks” seems to contradict the horizontal implications of “projecting masses.” It is possible, then, that in the pencil sub-stage, Gansevoort sensed this problem and placed a penciled dot in the margin next to this line to indicate the need for revision.</p>
<p synch="RSms30e24" id="RNe24">The only evidence for this possibility is that “columnar” has been removed in the first English edition. [4]) But before this suggested pencil revision, HM revised “with their summits often hidden” to “whose summits were often hidden” [3], probably in a proofreading phase in coordination with RSms28.</p>
<p synch="RSms31e25" id="RNms31">A penciled dot appearing beneath the word “directly” in this sentence may alert HM to check the spelling or usage of “luxurius” [step 1]. </p>
<p synch="RSms31e25" id="RNe25">It seems most likely that HM revised to “luxuriant”; however, an editor might also have altered the word. In either case the word first appears in the English edition [2].</p>
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