Scanning images for the World-Wide Web 1. Logging in 2. Scanning your drawing 3. Joining drawings 4. Adjusting the image 5. WWW file formats 6. Transmission to WWW 7. Advanced scanning 8. Other tips 1. Logging in These instructions are for the Macintosh & scanner in the Fine Arts Library at U.Va. . Turn on scanner first, then the computer (its on button is in the upper righthand corner of the keyboard). . To login: Select your name: Scanner users Password: SCAN . After login, the At Ease directory is shown. At Ease has two folders: "At Ease Items" = programs you can use "Scanner Users" = documents that have been scanned in. 2. Scanning your drawing . Click once on the folder At Ease Items, then once on the button for Adobe Photoshop 2.5. . The scanner's size is slightly more than 8 1/2" x 11". We can scan one or two images of 8 1/2 x 11 to create one image (combining more than two images into one uses too much memory.) If you are scanning in two parts, it is easier to overlap scans. Whatever you do, don't rotate the image from one scan to the next. . To set up for scanning, place the drawing on the scanner. Now click on File Acquire Silverscan II (the scanner type) Resolution 200 (note screen resolution is only 72 dpi) Scale Horizontal 50% Vertical 50% While still in the scanning menu, to look at the image that will be scanned, click on Preview. To adjust color, contrast, etc., click on Gamma correction: Other and adjust the gamma scale. To actually scan this image into the computer, click on Acquire . You can now manipulate the image in various ways using the buttons on the toolbar: magnifying glass - enlarges image: click once on icon in toolbar, then click once on image near where you want it magnified hand - reduces image: click twice on icon in toolbar selection box - selects all or part of an image for some other operation lariat - forms a non-orthagonal selection "box" cropping tool - deletes extra space around image. (See #4) . to save the image that you scanned in, click on File Save As (enter name of image file) File format Photoshop 2.5 3. Joining drawings Follow the directions in #2, twice. You should now have two image files -- let's assume they are called part1 and part2. Both will be visible on the screen. We need to make a copy of part2 and then paste that copy onto part1, making a single image. . To enlarge part1 (we must make space in part1 for the other half of the drawing): Click once on part1 so that part1 is the active window Image Canvas Size Width: ) double one Height: ) of these Position: move the image to the appropriate corner of the grid . To make a copy of one image: Click once in part2 so that part2 is the active window Select All Edit Copy . To paste the copy (of part2) onto the current image (part1): Edit Paste In the toolbar, click once to select the dotted selection box. Move the cursor to part2. Press and hold the button, and move the mouse to move part2 to where it should join part1. To refresh the image and see where part2 is, release the button, then depress it again. When the fit looks good, go the toolbar and select the magnifying glass, then click once where you want to enlarge. You can continue to adjust the pasting at any scale. . To make a single image of the pasted part1 and part2: (Note the selection box disappears) Select None. . CAUTION: during the pasting process, if the selection box is active, clicking anywhere outside the selection box will make a single image of the two parts, wherever they are at that moment! If this happens, use Edit Undo and start the pasting all over again. . when you are satisfied with your pasted image, save it: Edit Save The new image is saved as "part1". The original scanned part1 is gone. or Save As (name of new joined image file) if you want to keep the original part1 4. Adjusting the image Orientation: The image may need to be rotated so that north is up. Image Rotate (whatever direction is needed). Cropping: You can crop any extra space at the edges of the image. On the toolbar click once to select the cropping tool, drag it to the image, and adjust the corners as desired. When the desired portion of the image is in the box, drag the icon to the interior of the image (it becomes a scissors) and click once. File size: the size of an image file (i.e. how much storage it requires) is shown in the lower left corner of the image frame. While pressing the "option" key, click once on file size to show the dimensions of the image in pixels. (A pixel is a single point of light on the computer screen.) We are going to use the dimensions for a 17" screen = 624 height x 832 width pixels. Image Image Size Width: change unit to pixels Height: change unit to pixels Depending on which direction of the image has the worst fit on the screen, specify either either Width: 832 or Height: 624 A smaller file size should now be shown. Filters: Once the desired image has been obtained, its appearance can be changed using filters. (Better results seem to be obtained after file size is reduced.) The filter that we know about is Filter Sharpen Unsharp Mask "sharpens in a painterly way". 5. WWW File Formats Every image that we want to post on the Web will have two files: the actual image that fills the screen (so that users can admire your work!) will be a JPEG format file, and the small icon in the home page text that users click on to see the big picture will be a GIF format file linked to the jpeg file. We will save the jpeg file first, then shrink it down to a gif file. . To save an image in jpeg format: (note we have already adjusted file size) File Save As filename.jpg File Format: JPEG Save Image Quality: usually use "good" or one step right. The goal is 10:1 compression of the image file for quick transmission, i.e. this jpeg file should be one-tenth the size of the file obtained at the end of #4. . To save an image in gif format: We are creating an icon, i.e. a much smaller image, so we need a smaller image size. Image Image Size Height: (pick a number) pixels/inch. The number should be small, from 110 to 275. It may be helpful to make all your gifs the same height, so that they can fit in a row. B&W gif files are ready to be saved at this point, but for color gifs, the color system must be changed: Mode Indexed Color 8-bit Now the gif is ready to save. File Save As filename.gif File Format: CompuServe GIF . This completes our work on Photoshop, so to exit: File Quit. Back in the At Ease directory, we should see an "Scanner Users" icon for each file we saved. 6. Transmission to WWW. To transmit the jpeg & gif files to the IATH computer (where Michael and our web server live), click on: Fetch 2.1.2 Host: global.village.virginia.edu User: (your team id) Password: Directory: /home/(your team id) Once you are connected, you should see your team's directory with subdirectories for different weeks. Double click on the desired week; now click on Binary Put file. Now you see a list of the "Scanner User" files. Double click on the jpeg or gif file you want to transmit; and select Format: Raw Data okay. Now repeat the Put file again for the other file. When all the files have been transmitted, exit Fetch: Close connection File Quit. Make sure to delete all of the image files you created, including the jpeg & gif files just transmitted, from the Scanner Users folder. 7. Advanced scanning Scanning in more than two parts. The real size constraint on composite scanned images is not the size of the scanner, but the size of the screen that the image will be displayed on. You can (theoretically) make a composite scan of any size, but it must be reduced to 11 x 17 inches = 624 x 832 pixels. One way to avoid memory constraints, and speed up the process, is to adjust the Scale in the File Acquire scanning screen -- i.e. reduce the drawing at the very start, since it will be reduced anyway. The lowest setting that works with Christie's scanner is 20%. Time and space saving notes. Note that it is not absolutely necessary to save any images until you produce the jpg and gif files. Every image that you scan will remain in the Photoshop workspace until you close it. Advantage: saves space and time. Disadvantage: your work is not backed up (you could compromise and just save the image you are pasting into). Scanning black & white drawings. Greytone scans work well for pencil, ink, or photocopied drawings. Scanning is much quicker, uses much less space, and the images look great. In the File Acquire scanning screen choose Scanning mode: Grey 256. Note that when you get around to saving the gif, the mode does not change to indexed color, but stays whatever it is. The Sharpen Edges and Sharpen More filters work well with these drawings too. 8. Other tips Once you have successfully "logged in" to the IATH computer in Fetch, it is easy to write your own Fetch shortcut: Customize Add shortcut The correct information should pop up -- you may have to enter the password -- and save it under whatever name seems right.