pumbu a mfumu



Although the mask itself may not be regarded as a power object, when incorporated into dance, it becomes a controlling force in the community. The Pumbu mask expresses the power and authority of the chief. This type of helmet mask is owned by a Pende chief. The mask is a type of Kasai style helmet mask. The mask itself is a vertical cylinder with a skull cap and a vertical chin extension decorated with geometric patterns. The beard of the mask is created with raffia. Rows of triangles or interlacing diamond patterns reflect chiefship. The cylindrical, projecting white-rimmed eyes express uncontrolled anger and is meant to invoke fear in anyone who looks at the Pumbu mask. The white of the eyes are representative of anger.


The mask appears and the dance is performed in times of social crisis, when the chief must reassert his authority. Interpreted as representing the executioner, the dancer of the Pumbumask dresses in chief's garb along with a warrior's bow, arrow, and sword. The dancer becomes a personification of the chief's military authority and his power to execute criminals. During the dance, men with whips keep onlookers at a safe distance and the dancer himself is restrained by ropes. Pumbu depicts the power and courage of the chief.

Images: top left and top right: Bayly Art Museum


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