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PART. IV. The Dynasty of Shang.

I. T`ang the Successful, of Shang or Yin.

Note. His name was Le. T`ang, indeed, had 7 names, and conducted 9 punitive expeditions. When he returned from confining Këĕ in Nan-ch`aou, the princes, having 8 interpreters, came to him, to the number of 1,800. The chief of the `Wonderful Arms' also came in his chariot. They all wished him, Teen-yih Le, to assume the imperial dignity, to which, after declining thrice, he acceded.

In ancient times, the empress of Kaou-sin, called Këen-teih, at the vernal equinox, when the dark swallow made its appearance, had followed her husband to the suburbs to pray for a son, and was bathing with her sister in the Water of Heuen-k`ew, when a dark swallow dropt from her mouth a beautifully variegated egg. The two sisters strove to cover it with baskets which they had; but Këen-teih succeeded in getting it. She swallowed it, became pregnant, and by-and-by her chest opened, and she gave birth to Sëĕ. When he grew up, he was minister of Instruction to Yaou, who conferred on him the principality of Shang because of his services to the people.

After 13 generations, Sëĕ's descendant, Choo-kwei, was born, whose wife was called o-too. She saw a white vapour go through the moon; was moved to pregnancy; and on the day Yih bore T`ang, who was therefore styled T`ëen-yih. The lower part of his face was broad, and it tapered above;—it was white and whiskered. His body was one-sided, and his voice was loud. He was 9 cubits high, and his arms had four joints. He became T`ang the Successful.

T`ang lived in Pŏ, and cultivated his virtue. When E Chi was about to comply with T`ang's invitation, he dreamed that he passed by the sun and moon in a boat.

T`ang came east to Lŏ, to see the altar of Yaou. He dropped a gem in the water, and stood at some distance. Lo! yellow fishes leaped up in pairs; a black bird followed him, and stood on the altar, where it changed into a black gem. There was also a black tortoise, with red lines forming characters, which said that Këĕ of Hea was unprincipled, and that T`ang should supersede him. At the same time, the spirit of T`aou-wuh was seen on mount P`ei. Another spirit, dragging a white wolf, with a hook in his mouth, entered the court of Shang. The virtue of metal waxed powerful: silver overflowed from the hills. When T`ang was about to put Këĕ away, in reverence of the command of Heaven, he dreamed that he went to the sky, and licked it. After this he became possessor of the empire. The people of Shang afterwards changed the title of the dynasty into Yin.

In his 18th year, which was kwei-hae (60th of cycle, = B.C. 1,557), 1 when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh. 2 He roofed over, for the first time, the altar to the spirits of the land dedicated by the House of Hea. 3 In his 19th year, there was a great drought. The people of Te-këang came and made their submission. 4In his 20th year, there was a great drought. Këeh of Hea died at mount T`ing, when it was forbidden to play on stringed instruments, to sing and to dance. In his 21st year, there was the great drought. He cast metal money 5 In his 22d and 23d years, the drought continued. In his 24th year, the drought still continuing, the king prayed in the mulberry forest, and it rained. 6 In his 25th year, he made the music of Ta-hoo. 7 He went for the first time on a tour of inspection, and fixed the rules for offerings. In his 27th year, he removed the nine vases to the capital of Shang. In his 29th year, he died.

II. Wae-ping.

Note. Named Shing.

In his 1st year, which was yih-hae (12th of cycle, = B.C. 1,545), when the king 8 came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh; and confirmed the appointment of E Yin as prime minister. 9 In his 2d year, he died.

III. Chung-jin.

Note. Named Yung.

In his 1st year, which was ting-ch`ow (14th of cycle, = B.C. 1,543), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh, and confirmed the appointment of E Yin. In his 4th year, he died.

IV. T`ae-këah.

Note. Named Che.

In his 1st year, which was sin-sze (18th of cycle, = B.C. 1,539), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh, and confirmed the appointment of E Yin. E Yin sent T`ae-këah away, and confined him in T`ung, seizing the throne himself. 10

Note by Yŏ. It is a mistake to say this. The truth is that he only acted as regent.

In his 7th year, the king privately escaped from T`ung, and put E Yin to death. The sky was overspread with mists for three days, when he raised to office Yin's sons, E Chih and E Fun, ordered their father's fields and houses to be restored, and equally divided between them.

Note by Yŏ. This par. does not accord with the text before and after it. It is, probably, the addition of an after time.

In his 10th year, he celebrated a great service to all his ancestors in the Grand ancestral temple. For the first time he sacrificed to the Intelligences of the fourquarters. 11 In his 12th year, he died.

V. Yuh-ting.

Note. Named Heuen.

In his 1st year, which was kwei-sze (30th of cycle, = B.C. 1,527), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh; and confirmed the appointment of Kaou Shen as prime minister. In his 8th year, he appointed sacrifices to Paou-hang. 12 In his 19th year, he died.

VI. Sëaou-kang.

Note. Named Pëen.

In his 1st year, which was jin-tsze (49th of cycle, = B.C. 1,508), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh. In his 5th year, he died.

VII. Sëaou-këah.

Note. Named Kaou.

In his 1st year, which was ting-sze (54th of cycle, = B.C. 1,503), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh. In his 17th year, he died.

VIII. Yung-ke.

Note. Named Tëen.

In his 1st year, which was këah-seuh (11th of cycle, = B.C. 1,486), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh. In his 12th year, he died.

IX. T`ae-mow.

Note. Named Meih.

In his 1st year, which was ping-seuh (23d of cycle, = B.C. 1,474), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Poh, and confirmed the appointments 13 of E Chih and Chin Hoo, as his principal ministers. In his 7th year, a mulberry tree and a stalk of grain grew up together in the court. In his 11th year, he commanded Woo ëen to pray to the hills and rivers. In his 26th year, the hordes of the West came to make their submission. He sent Wang Măng, as his envoy, with presents to those hordes. In his 31st year, he appointed Chung-yen, prince of Pe, to be master of his carriages. In his 35th year, he made yin carriages. 14 In his 46th year, there was a very abundant harvest. In his 58th year, he walled P`oo-koo. 15 In his 61st year, the nine hordes of the East came to make their submission. In his 75th year, he died.

Note. After T`ae-mow met with the warning mulberry tree, he inclined himself to the cultivation of his conduct; and after 3 years, there were 76 States from distant regions, which sent messengers, with interpreters, to his court, in admiration of his wise virtue. The fortunes of Shang again revived. His sacriflcial title was T`ae-tsung.

X. Chung-ting.

Note. Named Chwang.

In his 1st year, which was sin-ch`ow (38th of cycle, = B.C. 1,399), when he came to the throne, he removed from Poh to Gaou 16 on the Ho. In his 6th year, he went on an expedition against the hordes of Lan. 17 In his 9th year, he died.

XI. Wae-jin.

Note. Named Fă.

In his 1st year, which was kang-seuh (47th of cycle, = B.C. 1,390), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Gaou. The people of P`ei 18 and of Sëen 19 revolted. In his 10th year, he died.

XII. Ho-tan-këah.

Note. Named Ching.

In his 1st year, which was kang-shin (57th of cycle, = B.C. 1,380), when he came to the throne, he removed from Gaou to Sëang. 20 In his 3d year, the baron of P`ang subdued P`ei. In his 4th year, he made an expedition against the hordes of Lan.

In his 5th year, the people of Sëen entered the region of Pan, when the barons of P`ang and Wei attacked it, and the people of Sëen came to make their submission.

In his 9th year, he died.

XIII. Tsoo-yih.

Note. Named T`ăng.

In his 1st year, which was ke-sze (6th of cycle, = B.C. 1,371), when he came to the throne, he removed from Sëang to Kăng. 21 He gave appointments to the barons of P`ang and Wei 22 In his 2d year, Kăng was inundated, when he removed to Pe. 23 In his 3d year, he confirmed the appointment of Woo Heen as prime minister In his 8th year, he walled Pe. 24 In his 15th year, he gave an appointment to Kaou-yu, prince of Pin. 25 In his 19th year, he died.

Note. The fortunes of Shang flourished again under Tsoo-yih. His sacrificial title was Chungtsung.

XIV. Tsoo-sin

Note. Named Tan.

In his 1st year, which was mow-tsze (25th of cycle, = B.C. 1,352), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Pe. In his 14th year, he died.

XV. K`ae-këah.

Note. Named Yu.

In his 1st year, which was jin-yin (39th of cycle, = B.C. 1,338), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Pe. In his 5th year, he died.

XVI. Tsoo-ting.

Note. Named Sin.

In his 1st year, which was ting-we (44th of cycle, = B.C. 1,333), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Pe. In his 9th year, he died.

XVII. Nan-kang.

Note. Named Kăng.

In his 1st year, which was ping-shin (53d of cycle, = B.C. 1,324), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Pe. In his 3d year, he removed to Yen. 26 In his 6th year, he died.

XVIII. Yang-këah.

Note. Named Ho. Some style him Ho-këă.

In his 1st year, which was jin-seuh (59th of cycle, B.C. 1,318), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yen. In his 3d year, he made an expedition to the west against the hordes of mount Tan. In his 4th year, he died.

XIX. Pwan-kang.

Note. Named Seun.

In his 1st year, which was ping-yin (3d of cycle, = B.C. 1,314), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yen. In his 7th year, the prince of Ying 27 Joo, Ho-nan. came to do homage. Iu his 14th year, he removed from Yen, to the northern Mung, 28 which was called Yin. In his 15th year, he built the city of Yin. In his 19th year, he confirmed the appointment of A-yu, prince of Pin. In his 28th year, he died.

XX. Seaou-sin.

Note. Named Sung.

In his 1st year, which was keah-woo (31st of cycle, = B.C. 1,286), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin. In his 3d year, he died.

XXI. Seaou-yih.

Note. Named Lëen.

In his 1st year, which was ting-yew (34th of cycle, = B.C. 1,283), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin. In his 6th year, he ordered his heir-son, Woo-ting, to dwell by the Ho, and study under Kan Pwan. In his 11th year, he died.

XXII. Woo-ting.

Note. Named Ch`aou.

In his 1st year, which was ting-we (44th of cycle, = B.C. 1,273), when he dwelt in Yin, he confirmed the appointment of Kan Pwan as prime minister. 29 In his 3d year, in consequence of a dream, he sought for Foo-yuĕ, and found him. In his 6th year, he confirmed Foo-yuĕ in the dignity of prime minister; and inspected the schools where they nourished the aged. 30 In his 12th year, he offered a sacrifice of thanksgiving to Shang-keah Wei. 31 In his 25th year, his son Heaou-e died in a wilderness. 32 In his 29th year, at the supplementary sacrifice in the Grand ancestral temple, a pheasant made its appearance. 33 In his 32d year, he smote the country of the demons, 34 and camped in King. In his 34th year, the king's forces subdued the Demon-region, when the tribes of Te-keang came and made their sub- mission. In his 43d year, his forces extinguished the State of Ta-p`ang. In his 50th year, he led an expedition against Ch`e-wei, and subdued it. In his 9th year, he died.

Note. Woo-ting was the great benevolent sovereign of Yin. Vigorously did he carry out the royal principles, not allowing himself in idleness. Admirably did he still the States of Yin, so that, great or small, they never murmured against him. In his time, the empire, on the East, did not extend beyond the Këang and Hwang; on the West, it did not extend beyond Te-këang; on the South, it did not extend beyond King and Man; on the North, it did not extend beyond Sŏfang. But Praise-songs were heard again, and ceremonies revived from their decay. He received the sacrificial title of Kaou-tsung.

XXIII. Tsoo-kang.

Note. Named Yaou.

In his 1st year, which was ping-woo (43d of cycle, = B.C. 1,214), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin; and made `The Instructions of Kaou-tsung.' In his 11th year, he died.

XXIV. Tsoo-këah.

Note. Named Tsae.

In his 1st year, which was ting-sze (54th of cycle, = B.C. 1,203), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin. In his 12th year, he led a punitive expedition against the hordes of the West; from which he returned in the winter. In his 13th year, the hordes of the West came to make their submission. He confirmed the appointment of Tsoo-kan, prince of Pin. In his 24th year, he established anew the penal statutes of T`ang. In his 27th year, he gave appointments to his sons, Gaou and Lëang. In his 33d year, he died.

Note. This king had lived, when young, away from the court, so that, when he came to the throne, he knew the necessities of the inferior people, protected them with kindness, and allowed no contumely to the wifeless and widows. Towards the end of his reign, however, by multiplying punishments, he alienated the people of distant regions; and the fortunes of Yin again decayed.

XXV. Fung-sin.

Note. Styled Lin-sin in the Historical Records. His name was Sëen.

In his 1st year, which was kang-yin (27th of cycle, = B.C. 1,170), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin. In his 4th year, he died.

XXVI. Kang-ting.

Note. Named Gaou.

In his 1st year, which was hëah-woo (31st of cycle, = B.C. 1,166), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin. In his 8th year, he died.

XXVII. Woo-yih.

Note. Named K`eu.

In his 1st year, which was jin-yin (39th of cycle, = B.C. 1,158), he dwelt in Yin. The prince of Pin removed to Chow near mount K`e. 35 In his 3d year, the king removed from Yin to the north of the Ho. 36 He confirmed the dignity of T`an-foo as duke of Chow, and conferred on him the city of K`e. In his 15th year, he removed from the place he then occupied on the north of the Ho to Mei. 37 In his 21st year, T`an-foo, duke of Chow, died. In his 24th year, the forces of Chow smote Ch`ing. A battle was fought at Peih, which was subdued. 38 In his 30th year, the forces of Chow attacked E-k`eu, 39 and returned with its ruler as a captive.

In his 34th year, Ke-leih, duke of Chow, came and did homage at court, when the king conferred on him 30 le of ground, ten pairs of gems, and ten horses.

In his 35th year, Ke-leih, duke of Chow, smote the demon hordes of the Western tribes. 40 The king was hunting between the Ho and the Wei, when he was frightened to death by a great thunderstorm.

XXVIII. Wan-ting.

Note. Wrongly styled T`ae-ting in the Historical Records. His name was T`ŏ.

In his 1st year, which was ting-ch`ow (14th of cycle, = B.C. 1,123), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin. 41 In his 2d year, Ke-leih, duke of Chow, attacked the hordes of Yen-king, 42 and was defeated. In his 3d year, the Yuen-water thrice ceased to flow in one day. In his 4th year, Ke-leih attacked the hordes of Yu-woo, and subdued them, after which he received the dignity of Pastor and Teacher. In his 5th year, Chow built the city of Ch`ing. In his 7th year, Ke-leih attacked the hordes of Ch`e-hoo, and subdued them. In his 11th year, Ke-leih smote the hordes of E-t`oo, and, having taken their three great chiefs, came with them to court to report his victory. The king put Ke-leih to death. 43

Note. The king at first appreciated the services of Ke-leih, gave him a libation mace, with flavoured spirits of the black millet, and the nine ensigns of distinction as chief of the princes; and after all that, he confined him in the house of restraint, so that Ke-leih died from the trouble, and gave occasion to the saying that Wăn-ting killed him.

In his 12th year, phoenixes collected on mount K`e.

Note. This was the 1st year of king Wăn of Chow.

In his 15th year, the king died.

XXIX. Te-yih.

Note. Named Sëen.

In his 1st year, which was kang-yin (27th of cycle, = B.C. 1,110), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin. In his 3d year, he ordered Nan Chung to oppose the hordes of Keun on the west, and to wall the city of Soh-fang. In the summer, in the 6th month, there was an earthquake in Chow. In his 9th year, he died.

XXX. Te-sin.

Note. Named Show. This was Chow. He is also called Show-sin.

In his 1st year, which was ke-hae (36th of cycle, = B.C. 1,101), when he came to the throne, he dwelt in Yin. He gave appointments to the princes of K`ew, Chow, and Yu.

Note. The prince of Chow was Ch`ang, chief of the West.

In his 3d year, a sparrow produced a hawk. In his 4th year, he had a great hunting in Le. 44 He invented the punishment of Roasting. 45 In his 5th year, in the summer, he built the tower of Nan-tan. 46 There was a shower of earth in Poh.

In his 6th year, the chief of the west offered sacrifice for the first time to his an- cestors in Peih. 47 In his 9th year, the royal forces attacked the State of Soo, and brought away Tan-ke as a captive. The king made an apartment for her, with walls of carnation stone, and the doors all-adorned with gems. In his 10th year, in the summer, in the 6th month, he hunted in the western borders. In his 17th year, the chief of the west smote the Teih. 48 In the winter, the king made a pleasure excursion in K`e. 49 In his 21st year, in the spring, in the 1st month, the princes went to Chow to do homage. Pih-e and Shuh-ts`e 50 betook themselves to Chow from Koo-chuh. In his 22d year, in the winter, he had a great hunting along the Wei. In his 23d year, he imprisoned the chief of the west in Yew-le. 51

In his 29th year, he liberated the chief of the west, who was met by many of the princes, and escorted back to Ch`ing. In his 30th year, in the spring, in the 3d month, the chief of the west led the princes to the court with their tributes. In his 31st year, the chief of the west began to form a regular army in Peih, with Leu Shang as its commander. In his 32d year, there was a conjunction of the five planets in Fang. A red crow lighted on the altar to the spirits of the land in Chow. The people of Meih invaded Yuen, when the chief of the west led a force against Meih. 52 In his 33d year, the people of Meih surrendered to the army of Chow, and were removed to Ch`ing. The king granted power to the chief of the west to punish and attack offending States on his own discretion.

Note by Yŏ. King Wăn thus for 9 years received the appointment of Heaven; and the empire was not yet all secured by him at his death. His plenipotent authority to punish and attack, in which the will of Heaven might be seen, commenced in this year.

In his 34th year, the forces of Chow took K`e and Yu; and then attacked Ts`ung, which surrendered. In the winter, in the 12th month, the hordes of Keun overran Chow. In the 35th year, there was a great famine in Chow; when the chief of the west removed from Ch`ing to Fung. In his 36th year, in the spring, in the 1st month, the princes went to court at Chow, and then they smote the hordes of Keun. The chief of the west made his heir-son Fă build Haou. In his 37th year, the duke of Chow built an imperial college. 53 In his 39th year, the great officer Sin-këah fled to Chow. In his 40th year, the duke of Chow made the spirit-tower. The king sent Kaou-kih to seek for gems in Chow. 54 In his 41st year, in the spring, in the 3d month, Ch`ang, the chief of the west, died.

Note. King Wăn of Chow was buried in Peih;—30 le west from Fung.

In his 42d year,—(the 1st year of king Woo of Chow)—Fah chief of the west, received the vermilion book from Leu shang. 55 A girl changed into a man. In his 43d year, in the spring, he had a grand review. Part of mount K`aou fell down.

In his 44th year, Fah smote Le. In his 47th year, the recorder of the Interior, Hëang Che, fled to Chow. In his 48th year, the E goat 56 was seen. Two suns appeared together. In his 51st year, in the winter, in the 11th month, on the day mow-tsze (25th of cycle), the army of Chow crossed the ford of Mang; but returned. The king imprisoned the viscount of K`e; and put his relative, Pe-kan, to death; while the viscount of Wei fled away. 57 In his 52d year, which was kang-yin (27th of cycle), Chow made its first attack on Yin. In the autumn, the army of Chow camped in the plain of Sëen. In the winter, in the 12th month, it sacrificed to God. The tribes of Yung, Shuh, Këang, Maou, Wei, Loo, P`ang, and Puh, followed Chow to the attack of Yin. 58

Note. They marched to Hing-k`ew, the name of which was changed to Hwae.

From the extinction of Hea by T`ang to Show were 29 kings, and 496 years.

Notes

1. The years of T`ang are counted from his accession to the principality of Shang, B.C. 1,574.

2. This was, probably, the western Pŏ,—in the pres. dis. Yen-sze, dep. Ho-nan.

3. T`ang had wished to remove the altars of Hea. Diverted from that purpose, he `housed' them, or roofed them over,—to remain a monument of the justice of Heaven.

4. See in the She, the 5th of the Praise-songs of Shang.

5. This is understood to have been done for the poor, that they might redeem their children whom they had sold in the famine.

6. See the prayer of T`ang, from Mih-tsze, in the proleg, to Mencius, pp. 116,117. It is singular the Shoo says nothing of this drought. Sze-ma Ts`een says it lasted 7 years; the Ch`un-Ts`ew of Leu, 5 years; these Annals, 6 years. Ts`ëen makes Shwang-lin the name of a wilderness; others say—`the wood of mt. Shwang.'

7. 大濩=大護, `great salvation;'—celebrating T`ang's exploits and prayers.

8. 王, `king,' here replaces 帝, applied in these Annals to the sovereigns of Hea.

9. We must take 命 here in this way. See Hăng, in loc.

10. This and the next notice are so difft. from the current and classical accounts of E Yin and T`ae-këă, that the friends of these Annals are in great perplexity about them. Hăng Ch`in-fung would refer them to the `Fragmentary Words' of the Bamboo Books. Seu Wăn-tsing contents himself with saying, after the original commentator, that they are the additions of a later hand.

11. 方明=四方之神明. This is the easiest interpretation. Some suppose the 六宗 of Can. of Shun, p. 5, to be meant.

12. This was E Yin. See on the T`ae-këă, Pt. i. p. 1.

13. From the 15th notice in the preface to the Shoo, Chin-hoo would seem to have been alive in T`ang's time, so that in T`ae-mow's time, acc. to the current chron., he must have been nearly 200 years old. Even acc. to these Annals, he must have been over 100.

14. Hăng Ch`in-fung says these carriages were of roots of the mulberry tree;—perhaps, referring to their colour.

15. Probably in the pres. dis. of Pŏ-hing, dep. Ts`ing-chow, Shan-tung.

16. Gaou was on a mount Gaou (敖山), in the pres. dis. of Ho-yin, dep. K`ae-fung. Up to this time, the capital had been the western Pŏ.

17. Perhaps in the dis. of Yang-k`euh, dep. T`ae-yuen, Shan-se.

18. P`ei—the pres. sub. dep. of P`ei Chow, dep. of Seu-chow, Këang-soo.

19. The dis. of Ch`in-lew, dep. K`ae-fung.

20. In the pres. dis. of Ngan-yang, dep. Chang-tih, Ho-nan.

21. In the pres. dis. of Ho-tsin, Këang Chow, Shan-se.

22. What appointments is not said. Many comm. say—`The appoint. of Pa, or chiefs of the princes;' but the text will not bear that construction.

23. Some would go away to the dis. of P`ing-hëang, dep. Shun-tih, Chih-le, for this Pe;—which is very unlikely.

24. Some would go away to the dis. of P`ing-hëang, dep. Shun-tih, Chih-le, for this Pe;—which is very unlikely.

25. In Pin Chow, Shen-se. Kaou-yu was a descendant of Kung-lew. Here was the seat of the Chow family.

26. Yen is no better known than Pe. Some make it out to have been in Shan-tung, in Loo.

27. Probably in the dis. of Loo-san, dep. of

28. The `northern Mung'= northern Pŏ, what is called `King Pŏ,' under the 28th year of Këĕ's reign; and Yin under the reign of the emperor Mang.

29. See on the Charge to Yuĕ, Pt. iii., par. 1.

30. These schools were asylums. They were called schools, because the aged who were supported in them would enforce the duties of filial duty and submission.

31. See the note above, on the 16th year of the emp. Mang.

32. To which he had been banished, many say, by his father. But this may be an invention of future times.

33. See the ixth of the Books of Shang.

34. See the concluding note to the said Book.

35. The prince of Pin, who made this removal, was T`an-foo, or king T`ae, celebrated in the She, and by Mencius. K`e-san is still the name of a dis. in Fung-ts`ëang dep., Shen-se. By this move the House of Chow brought its principal seat nearly 100 miles farther east.

36. I agree with Ch`in-fung that it is better not to try to identify this `North of the Ho' with any particular site.

37. See on the `Announcement about Drunkenness,' par. 1.

38. Ch`ing and Peih were in the dis. of Heenning, dep. Se-gan.

39. In the pres. dep. of K`ing-yang, Kan-suh.

40. These `demon hordes' are difft. from the people of the `demon region,' subdued by Woo-ting. 落=部落, a tribe.

41. There is a note here that `he returned from Mei to Yin.' But Ch`in-fung denies this, and argues that, while his father had moved from the old capital, T`ŏ had continued always in it.

42. The hill of Yen-king was in the pres. dis. of Tsing-lŏ, dep. of Yin, Shan-se.

43. There is nothing improbable in this. The sovereign of the decaying dynasty might, in a sudden fit of jealousy, thus make away with the Head of the rising House. As the fact, however, is not elsewhere mentioned, the friends of the Annals labour to explain away the passage, or to show that it is corrupted.

44. 九 here is read as 仇. It was the name of a State, which was also called 鬼,— probably in the pres. dep. of Chang-tih, Ho-nan. The three princes hero seem to have been the three kung.

45. See on the ixth of the Books of Shang.

46. What is called in the Shoo `the Stag tower.'

47. Ke-leih had been buried in Peih. Ch`in-fung supposes this was a sacrifice at his tomb.

48. These were different tribes, occupying the northern regions, west of the Ho.

49. The pres. dis. of K`e, dep. Wei-hwuy.

50. See the Ana., V., xxii., et al.

51. In the dis. of T`ang-yin, dep. Chang-tih.

52. Both Meih and Yuen were in the pres. dep. of P`ing-lëang, Kan-suh.

53. The building of a P`eih-yung in Chow was the exercising an imperial prerogative. See on the She, Pt. II, Bk. III., Ode. ii.

54. There is a story of a tablet of gem belonging to the princes of Chow, which Show coveted, and wished thus to get for himself.

55. This was a book of Counsels, containing the principles of Hwang-te, and Chuen-heuh.

56. This was a prodigious thing, `a spirit-like animal,'— variously described.

57. This was in K`e Chow.

58. See on `Speech at Muh.'

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