Sources, Reference Works, and Readings
Biographies of Buddhist Nuns:
Pao-chang's Pi-chiu-ni chuan. Translated by Li Jung-hsi. ōsaka:
Tohokai, 1981. See also Tsai, Kathryn. "Review of Biographies
of Buddhist Nuns, Pao-chang's Pi-chiu-ni chuan," translated by Li
Jung-hsi, Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 1 (1989): 87-101.
Mr. Li's translation is adequate, except for the sections where references to
sources other than the biographies themselves, such as the Chinese Buddhist
scriptures, the dynastic histories, or important secondary sources were
necessary to understand the text. His introduction, however, was written under
political circumstances that apparently constrained him to make statements
that, although not contradicting the official ideology, were quite contrary to
what was evident in the biographies themselves. Although of interest, the book
is for all practical purposes unobtainable in the United States.
*Blofeld, John E. The Wheel of
Life: The Autobiography of a Western Buddhist. Boston: Shambala
Publications, 1988. Mr. Blofeld is an accurate and eloquent observer. This
account of his sojourn in China before World War II gives us a vicarious
experience of things that are no more.
*Buddhist Texts through the
Ages. Edited by Edward Conze. New York: Harper & Row, 1964. Contains
selections from the whole range of Buddhist scriptures. It includes Arthur
Waley's translation of biographies 1, 27, and 55.
*Chen-hua. In Search of the
Dharma: Memoires of a Modern Chinese Buddhist Pilgrim. Edited by
Chün-fang Yü and translated by Denis C. Mair. Albany: State
University of New York Press, 1992. A lively, readable account of a modern
Chinese Buddhist pilgrim.
*Ch'en, Kenneth. "Anti-Buddhist Propaganda during
the Nan-ch'ao." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
15(1952): 166-192. The period covered by this article is exactly the same as
that covered by Lives of the Nuns. Ch'en translates many
arguments offered by both Taoists and Confucians against the foreign religion
of Buddhism, as well as the responses by Buddhist apologists.
*—. Buddhism in China: A
Historical Survey. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1964.
Ch'en's valuable book has something on every aspect of Buddhism in China and
also includes an excellent bibliography.
*—. The Transformation of
Chinese Buddhism. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1973. An
overview of cultural aspects of Buddhism in China.
Chi shen chou san pao kan t'ung
lu (Collection of records of miracles wrought in China by faith in the
Three Treasures). Compiled by Tao-hsüan (596-667). T. 52, no. 2106.
Chin shu (History of the
Chin dynasty). 10 vols. Compiled by Fang Hsüan-ling (578-648) and others.
Peking: Chung-hua Publishing, 1974.
Ch'u san-tsang chi chi
(Collected notes on the translation of the Buddhist scriptures into Chinese).
By Seng-yu (ca. 515). T. 55, no. 2145.
Chu wei-mo-chieh ching
(Commentary to the Vimalakīrti). By Seng-chao (374-414).
T. 35, no. 1775.
Chuang Tzu. Complete Works of
Chuang Tzu. Translated by Burton Watson. New York and London: Columbia
University Press, 1968.
Chung-kuo ku chin ti ming ta
tz'u tien (Dictionary of Chinese place names ancient and modern). Compiled
by Tsang Li-ho and others. 2d. ed. Hong Kong: Shang-wu Publishing, 1933.
Classic of History. See
Shoo-King (Shu ching).
Collected Notes on the
Translation of the Buddhist Scriptures into Chinese. See Ch'u san-tsang chi chi.
Commentary to the
Vimalakīrti. See Chu wei-mo-chieh ching.
*Confucius. The Analects.
Translated by D. C. Lau. New York: Penguin Classics, 1979; and
The Analects of Confucius. Translated by Arthur Waley.
N.Y.: Vintage Books, 1938. Both of these excellent scholarly translations of
the Lun yü, each with a valuable introduction, are
available in convenient editions.
Cullavagga. Vol. 20 in
Sacred Books of the East, edited by F. Max Müeller.
Reprint. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1965.
de Groot, J. J. M. The Religious
System of China. 6 vols. Reprint. Taipei: Ch'eng Wen Publishing, 1972.
Demiéville, Paul. "Momies
d'Extrême-Orient." Journal des Savants (1965):
144-170; reprinted in P. Demiéville, Choix
d'étude sinologiques. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1973, pp. 407-432.
des Rotours, Robert. Traité des fonctionnaires et traité de
l'armée, traduits de la nouvelle histoire des T'ang (chaps. 44-50)
vols. 1, 2. Bibliotheque de l'institut des hautes études chinoises, vol.
6. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1948, 1949.
Dharmaguptaka-bhikshunī-pratimoksha. See
Ssu fen pi-ch'iu-ni chieh pen.
Dharmaguptaka-vinaya. See
Ssu fen lü
Dudbridge, Glen. The Legend of
Miao-shan. London, Oxford Oriental Monographs No. 1, Oxford University,
1978.
Ekottarāgama. See
Tseng i a-han ching.
Eliade, Mircea. Myths, Dreams,
and Mysteries. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1967.
—. Shamanism: Archaic
Techniques of Ecstasy (in French). Translated by Willard R. Trask.
Bollingen Series no. 77. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1964.
Eminent Monks. See
Kao seng chuan.
*Ennin's Diary: The Record of a
Pilgrimage to China in Search of the Law. Translated by Edwin O.
Reischauer. New York: Ronald Press, 1955. This Japanese pilgrim traveled to
China just in time to witness the great persecution in the mid-ninth century.
Although the time is later than that covered by the biographies of the nuns, it
is still valuable for its eye-witness account of Buddhism in medieval China.
Fa yüan chu lin
(Forest of pearls in the garden of the law). Compiled by Tao-shih (fl.
656-668). T. 53 no. 2122.
*Facets of Taoism in Chinese
Religion. Edited by Holmes Welch and Anna Seidel. New Haven, Conn.: Yale
University Press, 1979.
Fo tsu t'ung chi (Thorough
record of the Buddha's lineage). Compiled by Chih-p'an (fl. 1258-1269).
T. 49 no. 2035.
Forest of Pearls in the Garden
of the Law. See Fa yüan chu lin.
*Friedman, Lenore. Meetings with
Remarkable Women: Buddhist Teachers in America. Boston: Shambala
Publications, 1987.
Further Lives of Eminent
Monks. See Hsü kao seng chuan.
Gernet, Jacques. Les aspects
économiques du bouddhisme dans la société chinoise du Ve au Xe siècle. Paris:
école Française d'Extrême Orient, 1956.
—. "Les suicides par le feu chez les
bouddhistes chinois du Ve au Xe
siècle." Mélanges publiés par l'Institut
des Hautes études chinoises 2 (1960): 527-558.
Great Perfection of Wisdom
Treatise. See Ta chih tu lun.
Great Sung Dynasty Compact
History of the Buddhist Assemblies. See Ta sung seng
shih lüeh.
Han fa pen nei chuan
(Hidden account of the origin of the [Buddhist] law in the Han dynasty.) This
text was probably forged during the sixth century and no longer exists as a
separate work, but parts and summaries exist in other works. See Zürcher,
Buddhist Conquest, vol. 2, p. 325, n. 23.
Han shu (History of the
Former Han dynasty), 12 vols. By Pan Ku (32-92). Peking: Chung-hua Publishing,
1987.
Han shu i wen chih
(Bibliography in the history of the Former Han dynasty), Chap. 30 of
Han shu (q.v.).
*Herrmann, Albert. Historical
and Commercial Atlas of China. Harvard-Yenching Institute monograph series
no. 1. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935. This old but still
valuable work is excellent for its graphic presentation of the shifting
political boundaries of the Northern and Southern dynasties. It also has maps
of the ancient capitals of Ch'ang-an, Lo-yang, and Chien-k'ang (Nanjing). The
entire atlas is a treat for those who enjoy contemplating history by means of
maps.
Hirakawa Akira. Ritsuzō-no-kenkyū. Tokyo: Sankibo-Busshorin,
1970.
Historical Atlas of China,
The (Chung-kuo li-shih ti-t'u chi). Vol. 4, The Eastern
Jin Dynasty and Sixteen Kingdoms Period, The Southern and Northern Dynasties
Period. Edited by Tan Qixiang. Shanghai: Cartographic Publishing House,
1982. Title and introduction in Chinese and English, maps in Chinese only.
*Horner, I. B. Women under
Primitive Buddhism. 1930. Reprint. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1975. This
is a study of monastic life for women in the earliest days of Buddhism in
India.
Hou han shu (History of the
Latter Han dynasty). By Fan Yeh. 12 vols. Peking: Chung-hua Publishing, 1965.
Hsü kao seng chuan
(Further lives of eminent monks). By Tao Hsüan (596667). T. 50, no. 2060.
*Jan Yun-hua. "Buddhist Self-Immolation in
Medieval China," History of Religions, 4, no. 2 (winter
1965): 243-268. This article discusses all kinds of suicides, not only those by
fire.
K'ai-yüan shih chiao
lu (The T'ang k'ai-yüan reign period catalogue
of Buddhist writings). By Shih Chih-sheng (ca. 730). T.
5, no. 2154.
K'ai-yüan shih chiao lu
lüeh ch'u (The condensed T'ang k'ai-üan
reign period catalogue of Buddhist writings). By Shih Chih-sheng (ca. 730).
T. 5, no. 2155.
*Kaltenmark, Max. Lao Tzu and
Taoism (in French). Translated by Robert Greaves. Stanford, Calif.:
Stanford University Press, 1969. A popular and erudite introduction to Taoism.
Kao seng chuan (Lives of
eminent monks). By Hui-chiao (ca. 530). T. 50, no. 2059.
Kao seng Fa Hsien chuan
(Biography of the eminent monk Fa Hsien). T. 51, no.
2085.
Kasuga Reichi, "Jōdokyō-shiryō
to shite no meisōden-shishishō meisōden-yōbun chō
narabi ni mirokunyorai kannō shō dai shi shōin no
meisōden ni tsuite," Shūgaku Kenkyū 12
(1936): 53-118. (The title of this journal has been miscopied as
Shūkyō Kenkyū in other publications.)
Ku chin t'u shu chi ch'eng
(Imperial encyclopedia, or, Complete collection of books and records ancient
and modern). Chung-hua Publishing, 1934. Photolithographic reproduction of
palace edition, presented to the emperor in 1725.
Kuang hung ming chi (The
extended collection making known the illustrious). Compiled by Tao-hsüan
(fl. 624-667). T. 52, no. 2103.
Kuang tsan ching
(Perfection of wisdom in 25,000 lines; Sanskrit:
Pañchavimshatisāhasrikā-prajñā-pāramitā
). Translated by Chu Fa-hu (Dharmaraksha) (fl. 265-310) in the north in
Chang-an and Lo-yang. T. 8, no. 222.
*Lao tzu tao teh ching.
Vol. 3, Chu tzu chi ch'eng, Chung-hua Publishing, 1954.
Many good translations into English are available.
Le Lie-sien tchouan: Biographies
légendaires des immortals taoïstes de l'anti-quité.
Translated by Max Kaltenmark. Peking: Université de Paris, Publications
du centre d'études sinologiques de Pékin, 1953.
Lévi, S., and E. Chavannes, "Les seize
arhat protecteurs de la loi." Journal Asiatique 8,
series 11, (September-October 1916): 189-304.
Li tai san pao chi (Records
of the Three Treasures through the ages). By Fei Ch'ang-fang (597).
T. 49, no. 2043.
Liang shu (History of the
Liang dynasty). 3 vols. Compiled by Yao Ssu-lien (636). Peking: Chung-hua
Publishing, 1973.
Lieh nü chuan (Lives
of Illustrious Women). Compiled by Liu Hsiang (77-6 b.c.).
*Link, Arthur E. "Biography of Shih Tao-an."
T'oung Pao 46(1958): 1-48. A very scholarly translation
of the biography of Shih Tao-an, a man of exceeding importance in the early
history of Buddhism in China.
—. "Shih Seng-yu and His Writings,"
Journal of the American Oriental Society 80, no. 1
(January / March 1960): 17-43.
—. "Taoist antecedents of Tao-an's
Ontology," Symposium on Taoism in History of Religions
nos. 2, 3 (November 1969-February 1970): 181-215.
*Liu I-ch'ing. Shih-shuo
hsin-yü. Translated by Richard Mather. A New
Account of Tales of the World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1976. A highly entertaining collection of tales of lives and events covering
roughly the years 120-420, therefore overlapping somewhat with the
Lives of the Nuns. The tales are divided by category and
for the most part deal with members of the upper classes.
Lives of Eminent Monks. See
Kao seng chuan.
Lives of Famous Monks. See
Meisōden-shō.
Lives of Illustrious Women.
See Lieh nü chuan.
Lives of the Nuns. See
Pi-ch'iu-ni chuan.
Lo-yang ch'ieh-lan chi. By
Yang Hsüan-chih (532-534). T. 51, no. 2092.
Reprinted. Taipei: Shih-chieh Publishing, 1962.
Lu Hsüan. Ku hsiao-shuo kou
ch'en (A study of ancient fiction). 2 vols. Hong Kong: Hsin-yi (New Arts)
Publishing, 1967.
Lun yü. See
Confucius.
Mahāprajāpatī-sūtra. See
Ta-ai-tao pi-ch'iu-ni ching.
Mahāsānghika-bhiksunī-prātimoksha.
See Mo-ha-seng-shih pi-ch'iu-ni chieh pen.
Mahīshāsaka-vinaya. See Mi-sha-se pu ho hsi wu fen lü; and Mo-ha-seng-shih pi-ch'iu-ni chieh pen.
Maspero, Henri. "Les Origins de la
communauté bouddhist de Loyang." Journal
Asiatique 225 (1934): 87-107.
—. Le Taoïsme et les
religions chinoises. Paris: Gallimard, 1971.
Meisōden-shō
(Ming seng chuan ch'ao) (Selections from the lives of famous monks). In
Zoku-zōkyō, ser. 2 (Tokyo:
Zōkyō-shoin, 1905-1912), part 2z, case 7, vol. 1. (Reprint, Taipei:
Shin Wen Feng, vol. 134, n.d.)
*Mencius. Translated by D.
C. Lau. London: Penguin, 1970. An excellent scholarly translation in a
convenient edition. Chinese version in Chu tzu chi
ch'eng, vol. 1, Peking: Chung-hua Publishing, 1954.
Method for Inviting Pindola
(Ch'ing pin-t'ou-lu fa). Translated by Hui-chien (457), in the south near
Chien-k'ang. T. 32, no. 1689.
Mi-sha-se pu ho hsi wu fen
lü (Mahīshāsaka-vinaya). Translated by Fo-t'oshih and Chu
Tao-sheng (early fifth century). T. 22, no. 1421.
Ming hsiang chi (Records of
mysterious omens). By Wang Yen (ca. 479). The complete book is no longer
extant, but fragments have been brought together by Lu Hsün in
Ku hsiao-shou kou ch'en (A study of ancient fiction). 2
vols. Hong Kong: Hsin-i (New Arts) Publishing, 1967.
Ming seng chuan (Lives of
famous monks). By Shih Pao-ch'ang. See
Meisōden-shō.
Mo-ha-seng-shih pi-ch'iu-ni
chieh pen (Mahāsānghika bhikshunī-prātimoksha).
Translated by Fa Hsien (ca. 416+). T. 22, no. 1427.
Mochizuki Shinkō. Bukkyō-daijiten (Encyclopedia of Buddhism). 10 vols.
Tokyo: Seikai-shōten, 1968.
Nan ch'i shu (History of
the Southern Ch'i dynasty). 3 vols. Compiled by Hsiao Tzu-hsien (489-537).
Peking: Chung-hua Publishing, 1972.
Nan shih (History of the
Southern dynasties). 6 vols. Compiled by Li Yen-shou (mid-seventh century).
Peking: Chung-hua Publishing, 1975.
*Needham, Joseph. Science and
Civilisation in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, various
dates. This series about the history of science in China can be of great
interest and use to the general reader who is not necessarily well versed in
science. Volumes 1, 2, and 5.2 have much on Chinese history in general and on
both Buddhism and Taoism as well as other Chinese philosophical traditions. The
bibliographies are exceptionally full.
Ngo Van Xuyet. Divination magie
et politique dans la Chine ancienne. Paris: Presses Universitaires de
France, 1976.
Oda Tokunō. Bukkyō-daijiten. Revised ed. Tokyo:
Daizō-shuppan, 1969.
*O'Hara, Albert Richard, S. J. The Position of Women in Early China. Washington, D.C.:
Catholic University of America Press, 1945. Translates and analyzes the
Lieh nü chuan (Lives of illustrious women),
compiled by Liu Hsiang (77-6 b.c.).
*Paul, Diana. Women in
Buddhism. Berkeley, Calif.: Asian Humanities Press, 1980. A thorough study
of the feminine in Buddhism.
Pi-ch'iu-ni chuan (Lives of
the nuns). Compiled by Shih Pao-ch'ang (ca. 516), in the south in Chien-k'ang.
T. 50, no. 2063.
Pi-nai-yeh (Vinaya).
Translated by Chu Fo-nien (fl. 365-385) in the north in Ch'ang-an.
T. 24, no. 1464.
*Prip-Møller, Johannes. Chinese Buddhist Monasteries: Their Plan and Its Function as a
Setting for Buddhist Monastic Life. 1937. Reprint. 2d ed. Hong Kong: Hong
Kong University Press, 1967. The materials for this extraordinary book were
collected during the late 1920s and 1930s amid the terrible conditions
prevalent at that time in China. Numerous photographs and drawings are enhanced
by the discussion in the text. This book, together with Holmes Welch's
Practice of Chinese Buddhism (see below), present the
best picture that we have of the time when Buddhist monastic life in mainland
China was viable and thriving.
*Psalms of the Sisters
(Therīgāthā). Translated by Caroline Rhys Davids. London:
Pali Text Society translation series no. 1, Luzac, 1909; 1964. This is a
translation of a very early collection of verses supposedly recited by women at
the time of their enlightenment. It is the only other Buddhist canonical work
(it is found in the Pali canon) that can compare with the Chinese
Lives of the Nuns. It is not biographical in the
historical sense but rather in the realm of the heart and spirit and
complements the Lives very well.
Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms,
A: Being an account by the Chinese monk Fa-hien of his travels in India and
Ceylon (a.d. 399-414) in search of the Buddhist
books of discipline. Translated and annotated with a Corean recension of
the Chinese text by James Legge. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp., and
Dover Publications, Inc., 1965.
Record of Monasteries and
Convents in Lo-yang, A. See Lo-yang ch'ieh-lan chi.
Records of Mysterious
Omens. See Ming hsiang chi.
Répertoire du canon
bouddhique Sino-Japonais, édition de Taishō (Catalogue of the
Sino-Japanese Buddhist canon of the Taishō edition). Supplement to
Hōbōgirin. 2d ed., rev. and enl. Edited by Paul Demiéville,
Hubert Durt, and Anna Seidel. Paris: Adrien-maisonneuve, 1978.
Robinson, Richard H. Early
Mādhyamika in India and China. Madison: University of Wisconsin
Press, 1967.
*Robinson, Richard H., and Willard Johnson.
The Buddhist Religion. 3d ed. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth
Publishing, 1982. A general historical introduction to Buddhism from its
beginning to the present day.
Rogers, Michael C., trans. The
Chronicle of Fu Chien: A Case of Exemplar History. Chinese Dynastic
Histories translation no. 10. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
California Press, 1968.
*Seidel, Anna. "Chronicle of Taoist Studies in the
West 1950-1990." Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 5
(1989-1990): 233-347. A scholarly treat for the specialist.
Selections from the Lives of
Famous Monks. See Meisōden-shō.
Seng-chao. Chu wei-mo-chieh
ching (Commentary to the Vimalakīrti scripture). T. 38, no. 1775.
Seven Tallies in a Cloud
Satchel. See Yün chi ch'i ch'ien.
Shih Pao-ch'ang. See
Meisōden-shō.
Shoo-king. Translated by
James Legge. Shanghai: Shanghai Publishing, 1904. Includes Chinese text.
Soper, Alexander. "Literary Evidence for Early
Buddhist Art in China." Artibus Asiae. Suppl. 19. 1959.
Ssu fen lü
(Dharmaguptaka-vinaya). Translated by Buddhayashas and Chu Fo-nien (ca. 365),
in Ch'ang-an, in the north. T. 22, no. 1428.
Ssu fen pi-ch'iu-ni chieh-mo
fa (Dharmaguptaka nuns' rites and rules book). Translated by Gunavarman
(431), in the south in Chien-k'ang. T. 22, no. 1434.
Ssu fen pi-ch'iu-ni chieh
pen (Dharmaguptaka nuns' rule book). Translated by Buddhayashas (ca.
408-412), in Ch'ang-an, in the north. T. 22, no. 1431.
Stein, R. A. "Remarques sur les mouvements du
Taoïsme politico-religieux au IIe siècle ap.
J.-C." T'oung Pao 50 (1963): 1-78.
Study of Ancient Fiction.
See Lu Hsün. Ku hsiao-shuo kou ch'en.
Sung kao seng chuan (The
Sung dynasty biographies of eminent monks). Compiled by Ts'an-ning (919-1001).
T. 50, no. 2061.
Sung shu (History of the
Sung dynasty). 8 vols. Compiled by Shen Yüeh (441513). Peking: Chung-hua
Publishing, 1974.
Symposium on Taoism. In
History of Religions. 9, nos. 2, 3 (November
1969/February 1970): 107-255.
Ta-ai-tao pi-ch'iu-ni ching
(The scripture of Mahāprajāpatī's vinaya). (412439)
Anonymous. T. 24, no. 1478.
Ta chih tu lun (Great
perfection of wisdom treatise). By Nāgārjuna. Translated into
Chinese by Kumārajīva. T. 25, no. 1509, and
into French by E. Lamotte, Le Traité de la grande
vertu de Sagesse de Nāgārjuna. Vol. 1. Louvain: Publications
Universitaires, 1949; reprinted 1966.
Ta sung seng shih lüeh
(Great Sung dynasty compact history of the Buddhist assemblies). Compiled by
Ts'an-ning (997). T. 54, no. 2126.
T'ai-p'ing yü lan (The
T'ai-p'ing encyclopedia). Compiled by Li Fang et al. in
the mid-tenth century. Reprint. Taipei: Ta-hua Publishing, 1980.
Taishō-shinshū-daizōkyō (Chinese
Buddhist canon newly edited in the Taishō era [1912-1925]). 55 vols.
Edited by Takakusu Junjirō, Watanabe Kaigyoku, and Ono Gemmyō,
Tokyo: Taisho Issai-kyō kanko kwai, 1924-1929.
T'ang Yung-t'ung, Han wei
liang-chin nan-pei-ch'ao fo-chiao shih (History of Buddhism in the Han,
Wei, Chin, and southern and northern dynasties). Peking, Chung-hua Publishing,
1955.
*Teachings of the Compassionate
Buddha. Edited with commentary by E. A. Burtt. New York: Mentor Books,
1959. Pocket-sized selection of texts from all types of Buddhism.
*Thompson, Laurence G. The
Chinese Way in Religion. Encino and Belmont, Calif.: Dickenson Publishing,
1973. This volume reprints the diary, first published in 1923, of a modern
Chinese woman who decides to become a Buddhist nun.
—. Chinese Religion: An
introduction. 2d ed. Encino and Belmont, Calif.: Dickenson Publishing Co.,
1975.
Thorough Record of the Buddha's
Lineage. See Fo tsu t'ung chi.
*Tsai, Kathryn. "The Chinese Buddhist Monastic
Order for Women: The First Two Centuries." Historical
Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 8, no. 3 (fall 1981): 1-20. A
very technical version of the present introduction to the biographies of the
nuns.
Tseng i a-han ching.
Translated by T'i-ho (Gautama Sanghadeva) [ca. 383398], in both north and
south. T. 2, no. 125.
Tsukamoto Zenryū. Chūgoku bukkyō tsūshi (History of Chinese
Buddhism). Tokyo: Suzuki-gakujitsu zaidan, 1968.
*Van Gulik, Robert. Sexual Life
in Ancient China: A Preliminary Survey of Chinese Sex and Society from ca. 1500
b.c. till 1644 a.d.
Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1961. This valuable book provides much information about
the life that Buddhist nuns left behind.
Watson, Burton. The Complete
Works of Chuang Tzu. New York: Columbia University Press, 1968
Waley, Arthur F. The Analects of
Confucius. See Confucius.
Wei shu (History of the Wei
dynasty). 8 vols. Compiled by Wei Shou (551). Peking: Hsin-hua Publishing,
1974.
*Welch, Holmes. Taoism: The
Parting of the Way. Rev. ed. Boston: Beacon Press, 1966. A well-written
overview of Taoism.
*—. The Practice of
Chinese Buddhism, 1900-1950. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,
1967. Welch interviewed many monks who had fled from mainland China after the
communist takeover and, using their testimony, reconstructed general patterns
of life in Chinese Buddhist monasteries. It is a very valuable book that stands
together with Chinese Buddhist Monasteries by Johannes
Prip-Møller (see above).
*Wright, Arthur F. "Biography of the Nun An
Ling-shou." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 15(1952):
193-196. Another version of biography 2.
*—. Buddhism in Chinese
History. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1959. A short
introductory book.
*—. "Fo-t'u-teng: A Biography."
Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 11(1948): 321-371. A
very scholarly translation of Fo-t'u-teng's biography with introduction and
annotation that gives a good picture of the times.
—. "Biography and Hagiography: Hui-chiao's
Lives of Eminent Monks." Silver Jubilee Volume of
Jimbunkagakukenkyushō (Zinbunkagakukenkyusyō), pp. 383-432.
Kyoto: Jimbun Kagaku Kenkyūsyo, 1954. A good study of the
Kao seng chuan and its sources but hard to find.
Yün chi ch'i ch'ien
(Seven tallies in a cloud satchel). 3 vols. Taipei: Tzu-yu Publishing, 1978. A
Sung-dynasty collection (ca. 1025) of major Taoist writings.
Zoku-zōkyō,
ser. 2. Tokyo: Zōkyō-shoin, 1905-1912. See also
Meisōden-shō.
*Zücher, Erik. The Buddhist
Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval
China. 2 vols. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1959. A solid work of the history of
the period.
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