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卷一傳十二簡靜寺支妙音尼
妙音。未詳何許人也。幼而志道居處京華。博學內外善為文章。晉孝武皇帝太傅會稽王道孟顗等並相敬信。每與帝及太傅中朝學士。談論屬文。雅有才致。藉甚有聲。
太傅以太元十年為立簡靜寺。以音為寺主。徒眾百餘人。內外才義者因之以自達。供嚫無窮。富傾都邑。貴賤宗事。門有車馬日百餘兩。
荊州刺史王忱死。烈宗意欲以王恭代之。時桓玄在江陵為忱所折挫聞恭應往素又憚恭。殷仲堪時為恭門生。玄知殷仲堪弱才亦易制御。意欲得之。乃遣使憑妙音尼為堪圖州。既而烈宗問妙音。荊州缺外問。云誰應作者。答曰。貧道道士豈容及俗中論議。如聞外內談者。並云無過殷仲堪。以其意慮深遠荊楚所須。帝然之。遂以代忱。權傾一朝威行內外。云
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1.12 (Tsai no.12) Chih Miao-yin
The nun Chih Miao-yin (Subtle
Voice)
of Simple Tranquility Convent
No one knows where Miao-yin's family originally
came from. Having set her will on the Way [of the Buddha] while yet a child,
she lived in the capital city [of the Chin dynasty]. She studied extensively
both Buddhist and non-Buddhist writings and was especially good at composing
literary essays. Emperor Hsiao-wu (362-373-396) and the grand tutor, Tao-tzu,
prince of Kuei-chi (364-402) [who was the emperor's brother], both treated her
with great respect.
Often she would hold discussions and
write compositions in company with the emperor, grand tutor, and court
scholars, whereby her considerable talent gained a widespread reputation.
In the tenth year of the t'ai-yüan reign period (385) the grand tutor built
Simple Tranquility Convent for Miao-yin and appointed her to the position of
abbess over her more than one hundred disciples. All those talented people,
both within and without monastic circles, who wished to use her influence to
advance themselves bestowed gifts on her without end until the convent became
the richest in the capital. Both nobles and commoners revered her as their
master, and every day outside the convent gate there would be over one hundred
chariots of the people who had come to call on her.
At the death of Wang Ch'en (d. 392),
who was the governor of Ching Province
[in central China to the west of the national capital], the emperor wanted to
select Wang Kung (d. 398)
to take the vacated position. At the same
time, a certain Huan Hsüan (369-404)
in Chiang-ling [the
provincial capital of Ching], who had always been blocked in his own plans by
Wang Ch'en, heard that Wang Kung would be the replacement, and he was already
afraid of Kung. Wang Kung, however, had a partisan named Yin Chung-k'an (d.
399/ 400),
an imperial
attendant, who, as Huan Hsüan knew, was weak and easy to manage. Therefore
Huan Hsüan wanted [Yin Chung-k'an] to be appointed as governor [to replace
the deceased Wang Ch'en]. He sent a messenger to the nun Miao-yin to prevail on
her to arrange the governorship for Yin Chung-k'an. Before long, the emperor
consulted Miao-yin on this very matter.
He said, "The position in Ching Province is vacant.
Those outside monastic circles are asking who should fill it."
Miao-yin responded, "How can I, a woman of
religion, have the freedom to discuss worldly matters. Nevertheless, I have
heard those both within and without talking about it, and all are saying that
no one surpasses Yin Chung-k'an. Because he takes a broad view of things, he is
the one needed in the territory of Ching and Ch'u."
The emperor went along with this and
replaced [Wang Ch'en] with [Yin Chung-k'an].
Thus did [the nun Miao-yin's] power overrule the
whole court, and her authority extend both within and without Buddhist circles.
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